The energy expenditure of free-ranging black-browed albatrosses
The energy expenditure of free-ranging black-browed albatrosses
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1995.0146
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发表时间：
1995-11-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Prince, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bevan, RM;Butler, PJ;Prince, PA
由于心率Vk）可用于确定黑眉信天翁（Diomedea melanophrys）的能量消耗（Bevan等人，1994年），因此将记录f（H）和腹部温度（T-ab）的数据记录器植入在南格鲁吉亚自由放养的黑眉信天翁中。五只鸟的一条腿上还安装了盐水开关（sws），以记录鸟在水面上的时间，另外两只鸟的背部安装了卫星发射器，以确定鸟在海上的位置。这些鸟被释放到它们的自然环境中，平均在23天后，当数据记录器被移除时，它们被重新捕获。然后用先前推导的公式将f（H）数据转换成能量消耗（EE）的估计值，孵化和育雏期间的平均EE分别为2.22和2.42 W kg（-1）。当鸟类在海上觅食时，EE增加到4.63和5.80 W kg（-1）之间，这取决于生殖周期的阶段。由于在孵化和育雏期间，鸟类在巢和海上花费的时间大致相同，因此这些阶段的总体平均EE分别为3.63和3.54 W kg（-1）。通过结合sws的信息和f（H）数据，可以确定鸟类在水上（5.77 W kg（-1））和飞行时（6.21 W kg（-1））的EE。这些值大约是该物种估计基础代谢率（BMR）的两倍。飞行的能量成本是以前值的一半，使用双标记水技术估计，因为以前的假设，即鸟类在水上的EE相当于BMR。当鸟类在巢上时，T-ab为39.3 +/- 0.4摄氏度，这随着时间的推移变化很小。然而，当他们在海上时，T-ab显示出很大的变化，这取决于鸟类的行为。来自sws的信息表明，所有T-ab的大幅下降（> 0.5摄氏度）都发生在鸟类在水上时。达到的平均最小值为32.5 +/- 2.0 ℃。这是第一个广泛使用f（H）来确定自由放养的海鸟EE的研究。使用这一技术的优点是，可以在长时间内获得高分辨率的数据，从而可以估计不同活动的EE。
As heart rate Vk) can be used to determine the energy expenditure of black-browed albatrosses (Diomedea melanophrys) (Bevan et al. 1994), data loggers - recording f(H) and abdominal temperature (T-ab) - were implanted into free-ranging black-browed albatrosses breeding at South Georgia. Five birds also had salt water switches (sws) attached to one leg to record when the birds were on the water, and two others had satellite transmitters attached to their back to determine the birds' position at sea. The birds were released into their natural environment and recaptured, on average, 23 days later when the data loggers were removed. The f(H) data were then converted into estimates of energy expenditure (EE) using a previously derived equation.The mean EE during incubation and brooding were 2.22 and 2.42 W kg(-1), respectively. When the birds were foraging at sea, EE increased to between 4.63 and 5.80 W kg(-1), depending on the phase of the reproductive cycle. As the birds spent approximately the same length of time at the nest and at sea during incubation and brooding, the overall mean EE during these phases were 3.63 and 3.54 W kg(-1) respectively. These rates are significantly lower than that during the chick-rearing phase when a high level of foraging EE is maintained almost continuously.By combining information from the sws with the f(H) data, it was possible to determine the EE of the birds when on the water (5.77 W kg(-1)) and when flying (6.21 W kg(-1)). These values are approximately twice the estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) for the species. The energy costs of flight are half previous values, estimated using the doubly labelled water technique, because of the previous assumption that birds on the water have an EE equivalent to BMR.When the birds were on the nest, T-ab was 39.3 +/- 0.4 degrees C and this changed very little with time. However, when they were at sea, T-ab showed large variations, depending on the behaviour of the bird. Information from the sws indicated that all large drops (> 0.5 degrees C) in T-ab occurred when the birds were on water. The mean minimum value reached was 32.5 +/- 2.0 degrees C. It is likely that ingestion of prey or water are the major causes of this decrease.This is the first study to have used f(H) extensively to determine the EE of a free-ranging marine bird. The advantages of using this technique are that data can be obtained over long durations with high resolution, permitting the EE Of different activities to be estimated.