Results on Differential and Dependent Measurement Error of the Exposure and the Outcome Using Signed Directed Acyclic Graphs
Results on Differential and Dependent Measurement Error of the Exposure and the Outcome Using Signed Directed Acyclic Graphs
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwr458
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发表时间：
2012-06-15
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Hernan, Miguel A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
VanderWeele, Tyler J.;Hernan, Miguel A.
暴露量和结果的测量误差是流行病学研究中常见的问题。如果测量的暴露和测量的结果在统计上独立于真实暴露和真实结果（否则依赖），则暴露和结果中的测量误差被认为是相互独立的。如果暴露量的测量不依赖于以真实暴露量为条件的真实结果，则称测量误差为非微分，反之亦然;否则称测量误差为微分。在文献中很少有关于微分和相关测量误差的结果。在这里，作者使用正式的规则管理协会签署的有向无环图（DAG）得出结论的存在和符号的因果效应下的差分和相关的测量误差。作者将这些规则应用于4种形式的测量误差：独立非微分，依赖非微分，独立微分和依赖微分。对于二元暴露和结局，作者概括了温伯格等人。的美国流行病学杂志（Am J Epidemiol.一九九四年; 140（6）：565 - 571）的非差分测量误差的结果，其保留了对设置的趋势方向，该设置也允许结果中的测量误差以及涉及相关和/或差分误差的情况。
Measurement error in both the exposure and the outcome is a common problem in epidemiologic studies. Measurement errors in the exposure and the outcome are said to be independent of each other if the measured exposure and the measured outcome are statistically independent conditional on the true exposure and true outcome (and dependent otherwise). Measurement error is said to be nondifferential if measurement of the exposure does not depend on the true outcome conditional on the true exposure and vice versa; otherwise it is said to be differential. Few results on differential and dependent measurement error are available in the literature. Here the authors use formal rules governing associations on signed directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to draw conclusions about the presence and sign of causal effects under differential and dependent measurement error. The authors apply these rules to 4 forms of measurement error: independent nondifferential, dependent nondifferential, independent differential, and dependent differential. For a binary exposure and outcome, the authors generalize Weinberg et al.'s (Am J Epidemiol. 1994;140(6):565-571) result for nondifferential measurement error on preserving the direction of a trend to settings which also allow measurement error in the outcome and to cases involving dependent and/or differential error.