Human‐machine dynamics in complex information systems: the ‘microworld’ paradigm as a heuristic tool for developing theory and exploring design issues
Human‐machine dynamics in complex information systems: the ‘microworld’ paradigm as a heuristic tool for developing theory and exploring design issues
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复杂信息系统中的人机动力学：“微观世界”范式作为发展理论和探索设计问题的启发式工具
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
D. Wastell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Wastell
抽象。术语“复杂信息域”是指以高度复杂性和繁重的认知需求为特征的工作环境，其中远程过程的管理由信息系统（IS）介导。这样的工作环境是典型的高技术领域，如工业过程控制，但随着基于计算机的信息系统越来越深入地渗透到现代企业，所有组织都具有相同的“信息化”特征。本文报道了一个实验，使用丰富的模拟（“微观世界”），试图在这样复杂的环境中的人机动力学扔光。调查了两个问题：受试者的状态（由睡眠缺失引起的疲劳）和IS接口提供的操作员控制（授权）的程度。结果表明，睡眠剥夺导致没有退化的公开性能，但与预期相反，较低的性能与高控制操作。一个详细的定性分析表明，高控制界面，鼓励更积极主动的控制风格，而疲劳加剧原始的，反应性的策略。研究结果强调，认知是一个目标导向的适应性系统，而不仅仅是一种信息处理机制。一个模型的认知动力学的概述，区分层次结构的控制水平：焦虑防御，反应控制和战略控制。总体而言，本实验显示了微世界范式作为发展理论和探索关键设计问题的工具对信息系统研究的潜在价值。
Abstract. The term ‘complex informated domain’ refers to a work environment characterized by high complexity and onerous cognitive demands, in which the management of a remote process is mediated by an information system (IS). Such work environments are typical of highly technical domains, such as industrial process control, but as computer‐based information systems penetrate ever deeper into modern businesses, all organizations are taking on the same ‘informated’ characteristics. This paper reports an experiment using a rich simulation (‘a microworld’), which attempted to throw light on human–machine dynamics in such complex environments. Two issues were investigated: the state of the subject (fatigue induced by sleep loss) and the degree of operator control (empowerment) afforded by the IS interface. Results showed that sleep deprivation led to no degradation in overt performance but, contrary to expectations, lower performance was associated with high control operation. A detailed qualitative analysis showed the high control interface to encourage a more proactive control style, whereas fatigue intensified primitive, reactive strategies. The findings emphasize that cognition is a goal‐directed, adaptive system not simply an information‐processing mechanism. A model of cognitive dynamics is outlined that distinguishes a hierarchy of control levels: anxiety defences, reactive control and strategic control. In general, the experiment shows the potential value to IS research of the microworld paradigm as a tool for developing theory and exploring key design issues.