Physiologic basis for the control of body fat distribution in humans.
Physiologic basis for the control of body fat distribution in humans.
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控制人体脂肪分布的生理基础。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.nu.09.070189.002221
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Fried,SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leibel,RL;Edens,NK;Fried,SK
脂肪组织的解剖学分布似乎在伴随肥胖的一些医学发病率中起作用。中枢性肥胖和这些疾病之间的生物学机制尚不清楚，但门静脉循环中高浓度的游离脂肪酸可能起作用。人与人之间脂肪分布的大部分差异可能是由于解剖部位特定的脂肪细胞数量的差异;更微妙的变化是由于脂肪细胞大小的差异。控制脂肪细胞前体的生产，招聘和分化，并可能在这些过程中的区域变化，是知之甚少，但显然是受遗传，内分泌和营养因素，以及在不同的解剖部位脂肪细胞之间的克隆差异。对胰岛素、儿茶酚胺和腺苷以及控制合成的酶（例如，脂蛋白脂肪酶）和甘油三酯的水解受解剖部位、营养状态和其它内分泌（例如，三碘甲状腺原氨酸、性腺和肾上腺类固醇）。尽管体脂肪大量增加或减少，但身体比例或多或少保持不变，这一事实表明，这些受体的体外状态和生化过程的部位间差异可能不能完全反映体内情况。体内不同脂肪库中脂肪细胞大小的调节反映了许多激素、自分泌调节剂和其他局部因素（如血流）的复杂相互作用。无论涉及的局部机制，从特定的仓库甘油三酯损失的“一阶”字符表明，在体内，仓库动员是成比例的区域脂肪细胞的数量和大小。
The anatomical distribution of adipose tissue seems to play a role in some of the medical morbidity that accompanies obesity. The biological mechanisms for the association between central adiposity and these morbidities are not known, but high concentrations of free fatty acids in the portal venous circulation may play a role. Most of the variation in fat distribution among persons is probably due to anatomical site-specific differences in number of adipocytes; subtler variations are due to differences in adipocyte size. Control of adipocyte precursor production, recruitment and differentiation, and possible regional variations in these processes, is poorly understood but is apparently influenced by genetic, endocrine and nutritional factors as well as clonal differences between adipocytes in different anatomical sites. Sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin, catecholamines and adenosine as well as the enzymes controlling the synthesis (e.g., lipoprotein lipase) and hydrolysis of triglyceride are influenced by anatomical site, nutritional state and other endocrines (e.g., triiodothyronine, gonadal and adrenal steroids). The fact that body proportions remain more or less constant despite substantial increases or decreases in body fat suggests that between-site differences in thein vitrostatus of these receptors and biochemical processes may not fully reflect eventsin vivo. In vivoregulation of fat-cell size in different fat depots reflects a complex interplay of the effects of many hormones, autocrine regulators and other local factors such as blood flow. Whatever the local mechanisms involved, the "first order" character of triglyceride loss from specific depots indicates that,in vivo,depot mobilization is proportional to regional adipocyte number and size.