Ambient air pollution associated with lower academic achievement among US children: A nationwide panel study of school districts.
Ambient air pollution associated with lower academic achievement among US children: A nationwide panel study of school districts.
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DOI：
10.1097/ee9.0000000000000174
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发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schwartz J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lu W;Hackman DA;Schwartz J
补充数字内容可在正文中找到。环境空气污染是一种重要的环境暴露，与认知功能受损有关。很少有研究在全国范围内调查它对孩子学习成绩的影响。我们假设，较高的环境空气污染浓度将与较低的平均学业成绩相关。我们调查了三种普遍存在的环境空气污染物：PM2.5，NO2和臭氧，以及它们与2010年至2016年美国地理学区(GSD)水平的三到八年级学生平均学业考试成绩的关系。我们应用多元线性回归，并对每个区级水平和每年的城市化、社会经济地位、学生种族/民族构成和个人截获进行了控制。我们发现，PM2.5浓度四分位数范围的增加与数学考试平均成绩降低0.007(95%可信区间：0.005，0.009)和英语语言/艺术考试平均成绩降低0.004(95%可信区间：0.002，0.005)相关。数学上的NO2和臭氧，以及英语语言/艺术上的NO2也观察到了类似的联系。这些关联的大小相当于地区家庭收入中位数短期减少数千美元的影响。对于社会经济地位较高的GSD，考试分数的下降幅度更大，尽管大多数关联在所有社会经济水平上仍然是负面的。我们的结果表明，GSD内的环境空气污染与儿童的学习成绩下降有关。进一步改善空气质量可能有利于儿童一生的整体学业成就和社会经济成就。
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Ambient air pollution is an important environmental exposure and has been linked with impaired cognitive function. Few studies have investigated its impact on children’s academic performance on a nationwide level. We hypothesize that higher ambient air pollution concentrations will be associated with lower average academic test scores. We investigated three prevalent ambient air pollutants: PM2.5, NO2 and ozone, and their associations with the average academic test scores, at the Geographic School District (GSD) level, of the third to eighth grade students in the United States from 2010 to 2016. We applied multivariate linear regression and controlled for urbanicity, socioeconomic status, student racial/ethnic compositions, and individual intercepts for each district-grade level and each year. We found that an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 concentrations was associated with a 0.007 (95% confidence interval: 0.005, 0.009) SD lower average math test scores, and a 0.004 (95% confidence interval: 0.002, 0.005) SD lower average English language/arts test scores. Similar associations were observed for NO2 and ozone on math, and for NO2 on English language/arts. The magnitudes of these associations are equivalent to the effects of short-term reductions of thousands of dollars in district median household income. The reductions in test scores were larger for GSDs with higher socioeconomic status, though most associations remained negative at all socioeconomic levels. Our results show that ambient air pollution within a GSD is associated with lower academic performance among children. Further improving air quality may benefit children’s overall academic achievement and socioeconomic attainment across the lifespan.