Tacit and Explicit Knowledge
Tacit and Explicit Knowledge
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隐性知识和显性知识
DOI：
10.7208/chicago/9780226113821.001.0001
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
H. M. Collins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. M. Collins
我们知道的很多东西都不能说。我们所做的很多事情我们无法描述。例如，当我们不能解释我们是如何做到的时候，我们怎么知道如何骑自行车？这些我们无法清楚表达的能力，被化学家和哲学家迈克尔·波兰尼（Michael Polanyi）称为“隐性知识”（tacit knowledge），但在这里，哈里·柯林斯（Harry Collins）更详细地分析了这个术语和行为，通常偏离了波兰尼的处理。在《隐性知识与显性知识》一书中，柯林斯通过对显性知识的解释和对隐性知识的分类，发展了一种通用的概念语言，以弥合概念的不同领域。柯林斯随后将这三个非常不同的含义分开，直到现在，这三个含义都属于波兰尼的术语：关系隐性知识（如果我们付出努力，我们可以在原则上描述的东西），身体隐性知识（我们的身体可以做但我们无法描述的事情，比如在自行车上保持平衡），以及集体隐性知识（我们所利用的知识是社会的财产，例如语言规则）。因此，骑自行车由一些躯体隐性知识和一些集体隐性知识组成，比如让我们在交通中导航的知识。这三种隐性知识的混合在过去曾导致混乱;柯林斯的书解开了这些复杂性，从而使我们能够更好地利用潜在的概念。
Much of what we know we cannot say. And much of what we do we cannot describe. For example, how do we know how to ride a bike when we can't explain how we do it? These abilities, which we are unable to articulate, were labeled "tacit knowledge" by chemist and philosopher Michael Polanyi, but here Harry Collins analyzes the term, and the behavior, in much greater detail, often departing from Polanyi's treatment. In "Tacit and Explicit Knowledge", Collins develops a common conceptual language to bridge the concept's disparate domains by explaining explicit knowledge and classifying tacit knowledge. Collins then teases apart the three very different meanings, which, until now, all fell under the umbrella of Polanyi's term: relational tacit knowledge (things we could describe in principle if we put in the effort), somatic tacit knowledge (things our bodies can do but we cannot describe, like balancing on a bike), and collective tacit knowledge (knowledge we draw on that is the property of society, such as the rules for language). Thus, bicycle riding consists of some somatic tacit knowledge and some collective tacit knowledge, such as the knowledge that allows us to navigate in traffic. The intermixing of the three kinds of tacit knowledge has led to confusion in the past; Collins' book unravels these complexities and thus enables us to make new and better use of the underlying concept.