Cancer Fatalism, Literacy, and Cancer Information Seeking in the American Public
Cancer Fatalism, Literacy, and Cancer Information Seeking in the American Public
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DOI：
10.1177/1090198115604616
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Smith, Samuel G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kobayashi, Lindsay C.;Smith, Samuel G.
信息寻求是癌症预防和控制的重要行为，但在疾病信息交流方面的不平等仍然存在。概念模型表明，低健康素养是寻求信息的障碍，而对癌症的宿命论信仰可能是这种关系的中介。癌症宿命论可以被描述为对疾病的外部原因的确定性思想，无法预防它，以及诊断时死亡的必然性。本研究旨在检验这些结构与社会人口学因素之间的关联，并使用美国人口代表性健康信息和国家趋势调查（提示4），周期3 （n = 2,657）检验中介模型。大约三分之一（34%）的人口未能正确回答2/4个卫生知识项目（卫生知识有限）。许多参与者同意宿命论的观点，认为似乎一切都会导致癌症（66%），人们无法做很多事情来降低患癌症的几率（29%），一想到癌症就会自然而然地想到死亡（58%）。超过一半的人（53%）曾寻求有关癌症的信息。在对社会人口学特征和家族癌症病史进行调整的分析中，健康知识有限的人不太可能寻求癌症信息（优势比[OR] = 0.63; 0.42-0.95），并且更频繁地认同你无能为力的信念……（or = 1.61; 1.05-2.47）。这种宿命论信念部分解释了中介模型中健康素养与信息寻求之间的关系（14%的中介）。需要采取干预措施解决卫生知识普及程度低和癌症宿命论问题，以提高公众对癌症相关信息的兴趣。
Information seeking is an important behavior for cancer prevention and control, but inequalities in the communication of information about the disease persist. Conceptual models have suggested that low health literacy is a barrier to information seeking, and that fatalistic beliefs about cancer may be a mediator of this relationship. Cancer fatalism can be described as deterministic thoughts about the external causes of the disease, the inability to prevent it, and the inevitability of death at diagnosis. This study aimed to examine the associations between these constructs and sociodemographic factors, and test a mediation model using the American population-representative Health Information and National Trends Survey (HINTS 4), Cycle 3 (n = 2,657). Approximately one third (34%) of the population failed to answer 2/4 health literacy items correctly (limited health literacy). Many participants agreed with the fatalistic beliefs that it seems like everything causes cancer (66%), that one cannot do much to lower his or her chances of getting cancer (29%), and that thinking about cancer makes one automatically think about death (58%). More than half of the population had ever sought information about cancer (53%). In analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and family cancer history, people with limited health literacy were less likely to have ever sought cancer information (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63; 0.42-0.95) and more frequently endorsed the belief that there's not much you can do . . . (OR = 1.61; 1.05-2.47). This fatalistic belief partially explained the relationship between health literacy and information seeking in the mediation model (14% mediation). Interventions are needed to address low health literacy and cancer fatalism to increase public interest in cancer-related information.