Porcine circovirus diseases
Porcine circovirus diseases
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DOI：
10.1079/ahr2005106
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Domingo, Mariano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Segales, Joaquim;Allan, Gordon M.;Domingo, Mariano
猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)是圆环病毒科(Circoviridae)的一员，圆环病毒科(Circoviridae)是一个新近建立的病毒家族，由无包膜的小病毒组成，具有环状的单链DNA基因组。猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)广泛存在于世界各地的家猪和野猪体内，近年来被发现与多种疾病综合征有关，统称为猪圆环病毒病(PCVD)。断奶后多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、猪皮炎和肾病综合征(PDNS)以及生殖障碍是最相关的疾病。其中，只有PMWS被认为对国内生猪生产造成严重影响。PMWS主要影响育苗和/或育肥猪，消瘦被认为是该病最具代表性的临床症状。淋巴组织的组织病理学检查和在受损组织中检测到中到高度的PCV2，证实了这种疾病的诊断。由于PMWS被认为是一种多因素疾病，在大多数情况下，除了PCV2之外，还需要其他因素才能触发临床疾病，因此有效的控制措施侧重于了解个别农场涉及的辅助因素，并控制或消除这些触发因素。PDNS是一种免疫复合性疾病，以纤维坏死性肾小球肾炎和全身性坏死性血管炎为特征，已被认为与PCV2有关，但仍缺乏明确的证据证明这种联系。PCV2相关的生殖疾病在现场条件下似乎非常零星发生，但其特点是晚期流产和死产，胎儿广泛的纤维化和/或坏死性心肌炎，以及这些病变中存在中到高度的PCV2。考虑到关于PCV2及其相关疾病的科学信息在过去8年中显著扩大，本综述的目的是总结关于PCV2生物学和PCVD最相关方面的知识现状。
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a member of the family Circoviridae, a recently established virus family composed of small, non-enveloped viruses, with a circular, single-stranded DNA genome. PCV2, which is found all over the world in the domestic pig and probably the wild boar, has been recently associated with a number of disease syndromes, which have been collectively named porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD). Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and reproductive disorders are the most relevant ones. Among them, only PMWS is considered to have a severe impact on domestic swine production. PMWS mainly affects nursery and/or fattening pigs; wasting is considered the most representative clinical sign in this disease. Diagnosis of this disease is confirmed by histopathological examination of lymphoid tissues and detection of a moderate to high amount of PCV2 in damaged tissues. Since PMWS is considered a multifactorial disease in which other factors in addition to PCV2 are needed in most cases to trigger the clinical disease, effective control measures have focused on the understanding of the co-factors involved in individual farms and the control or elimination of these triggers. PDNS, an immuno-complex disease characterized by fibrino-necrotizing glomerulonephritis and systemic necrotizing vasculitis, has been linked to PCV2, but a definitive proof of this association is still lacking. PCV2-associated reproductive disease seems to occur very sporadically under field conditions, but it has been characterized by late-term abortions and stillbirths, extensive fibrosing and/or necrotizing myocarditis in fetuses and the presence of moderate to high amounts of PCV2 in these lesions. Taking into account that scientific information on PCV2 and its associated diseases has been markedly expanded in the last 8 years, the objective of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge of the most relevant aspects of PCV2 biology and PCVD.