Immune control of Babesia bovis infection
Immune control of Babesia bovis infection
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.041
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发表时间：
2006-05-31
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Goff, Will L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Wendy C.;Norimine, Junzo;Goff, Will L.
牛巴氏杆菌在成年牛中引起急性且通常致命的感染，如果其消退，则会导致其他临床健康牛的持续感染状态。持续感染的牛通常对相关寄生虫菌株的再感染具有抗性，这种面对感染的抗性称为伴随免疫。幼年动物通常比成年动物对B的抵抗力更强。牛的感染，这是依赖于脾脏。尽管发现了B。牛在世纪前，仍然没有安全有效的疫苗来保护牛免受这种最致命的巴贝斯虫病原体的侵害。通过血清学反应性和显性T细胞抗原鉴定的免疫显性抗原未能保护牛免受攻击。本文综述了先天性和获得性免疫机制，定义电阻在年轻的小牛和相关的发展伴随免疫的老年牛从临床疾病的恢复。第一部分将讨论B诱导的牛外周血和脾源性巨噬细胞的天然免疫应答。牛裂殖子及其限制寄生虫复制的产物，以及年轻（抗性）和成年（易感）牛脾脏中自然杀伤细胞反应的比较。随后的章节将描述一种蛋白质组学方法来发现新的抗原，特别是那些被免疫CD4（+）T淋巴细胞识别的抗原。由于免疫显性抗原未能刺激保护性免疫，亚显性抗原的鉴定可能被证明是重要的有效疫苗。鉴定CD4（+）T细胞免疫原性蛋白及其表位，连同MHC II类限制性元件，现在使得MHC II类四聚体的开发以及该技术在感染期间定量抗原特异性淋巴细胞和发现新的抗原表位的应用成为可能。最后，随着B的即将完工。牛基因组测序计划，战略使用相结合的基因组和蛋白质组学方法，以确定新的疫苗候选人将审查。注释B的可用性。牛的基因组将首次能够鉴定可能刺激保护性免疫的非免疫显性蛋白质。(c)2006 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Babesia bovis causes an acute and often fatal infection in adult cattle, which if resolved, leads to a state of persistent infection in otherwise clinically healthy cattle. Persistently infected cattle are generally resistant to reinfection with related parasite strains, and this resistance in the face of infection is termed concomitant immunity. Young animals are generally more resistant than adults to B. bovis infection, which is dependent on the spleen. Despite the discovery of B. bovis over a century ago, there are still no safe and effective vaccines that protect cattle against this most virulent of babesial pathogens. Immunodominant antigens identified by serological reactivity and dominant T-cell antigens have failed to protect cattle against challenge. This review describes the innate and acquired immune mechanisms that define resistance in young calves and correlate with the development of concomitant immunity in older cattle following recovery from clinical disease. The first sections will discuss the innate immune responses by peripheral blood- and spleen-derived macrophages in cattle induced by B. bovis merozoites and their products that limit parasite replication, and comparison of natural killer cell responses in the spleens of young (resistant) and adult (susceptible) cattle. Later sections will describe a proteomic approach to discover novel antigens, especially those recognized by immune CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Because immunodominant antigens have failed to stimulate protective immunity, identification of subdominant antigens may prove to be important for effective vaccines. Identification of CD4(+) T-cell immunogenic proteins and their epitopes, together with the MHC class II restricting elements, now makes possible the development of MHC class II tetramers and application of this technology to both quantify antigen-specific lymphocytes during infection and discover novel antigenic epitopes. Finally, with the imminent completion of the B. bovis genome-sequencing project, strategies using combined genomic and proteomic approaches to identify novel vaccine candidates will be reviewed. The availability of an annotated B. bovis genome will, for the first time, enable identification of non-immunodominant proteins that may stimulate protective immunity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.