Effects of host migration, diversity and aquaculture on sea lice threats to Pacific salmon populations
Effects of host migration, diversity and aquaculture on sea lice threats to Pacific salmon populations
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2007.1122
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发表时间：
2007-12-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Lewis, Mark A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krkosek, Martin;Gottesfeld, Allen;Lewis, Mark A.
动物迁徙会影响疾病动态。海洋鱼类和无脊椎动物常见的迁移后果之一是迁移性异地分布----成年宿主和幼年宿主之间的空间分离期，这是由宿主迁移引起的，可防止寄生虫从成年宿主传播到幼年宿主。我们研究了这一特性的海虱（Lepeophtheirus鲑鱼和Caligus clemensi）和粉红鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus gorbuscha）从加拿大最大的鲑鱼种群之一。洄游的异地保护幼鲑从L。鲑鱼为早期海洋生物提供了两到三个月的机会（患病率为2-3%）。相反，宿主多样性有利于C. Clemensi感染幼鲑（8-20%的流行率），但感染似乎是短暂的。水生生物可以增加宿主丰度和多样性，增加野生幼鱼的寄生虫暴露。一个经验参数化模型显示鲑鱼种群对L.鲑鱼暴露，预测人口崩溃在一至五个能动L。每只幼粉红鲑鱼。这些结果的特点鲑鱼养殖野生鲑鱼种群的寄生虫威胁，并显示如何主机迁移和多样性是影响寄生虫在海洋中传播的重要因素。
Animal migrations can affect disease dynamics. One consequence of migration common to marine fish and invertebrates is migratory allopatry -a period of spatial separation between adult and juvenile hosts, which is caused by host migration and which prevents parasite transmission from adult to juvenile hosts. We studied this characteristic for sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from one of the Canada's largest salmon stocks. Migratory allopatry protects juvenile salmon from L. salmonis for two to three months of early marine life (2-3% prevalence). In contrast, host diversity facilitates access for C. clemensi to juvenile salmon (8-20% prevalence) but infections appear ephemeral. Aquaculture can augment host abundance and diversity and increase parasite exposure of wild juvenile fish. An empirically parametrized model shows high sensitivity of salmon populations to increased L. salmonis exposure, predicting population collapse at one to five motile L. salmonis per juvenile pink salmon. These results characterize parasite threats of salmon aquaculture to wild salmon populations and show how host migration and diversity are important factors affecting parasite transmission in the oceans.