The Dynamics of State and Local Contexts and Immigration Asylum Hearing Decisions
The Dynamics of State and Local Contexts and Immigration Asylum Hearing Decisions
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DOI：
10.1093/jopart/muw043
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Bowers, Marianne L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chand, Daniel E.;Schreckhise, William D.;Bowers, Marianne L.
移民法官主持与移民法有关的案件，决定是否应给予个人庇护。以前对法官的少数研究集中在司法政治学者感兴趣的因素上，例如案件中法官或申请人的特征。借鉴公共行政文献，我们增加了一套新的因素，与当地和国家的背景下，IJ的作品。使用多水平回归分析，我们研究了2009至2014财年245个IJ的决策。事实上，上下文似乎很重要。我们发现，在公民更经常投票给共和党和当地经济贫困的社区，IJ给予庇护的频率较低。在全州机构选择参与限制性移民计划287（g）的州，法官也批准了明显较低比例的庇护申请。拥有民主党州长和州立法多数的州更经常获得庇护，在美国-墨西哥边境社区工作的IJ也是如此。关于传统因素，经验较丰富的法官和审理涉及危地马拉、萨尔瓦多和洪都拉斯个人的案件比例较高的法官批准庇护申请的数量要少得多。审理有律师的申请人的请愿书的法官所批准的庇护人数要多得多。
Immigration judges (IJs) preside over cases related to immigration law, determining whether an individual should be granted asylum. The few prior studies of IJs have focused on factors of interest to judicial politics scholars, such as characteristics of the judge or applicant in a case. Drawing from public administration literature, we add a new set of factors related to local and state context in which the IJ works. Using multilevel regression analysis, we examine the decisions of 245 IJs made from fiscal years 2009 through 2014. Indeed, it appears context is important. We find IJs grant asylum less often in communities where citizens more often vote Republican and where the local economy is poor. Judges in states where statewide agencies have opted to participate in the restrictive immigration program 287(g) also granted significantly lower percentages of asylum applications. States with Democratic governors and state legislative majorities granted asylum more often, as do IJs working in United States-Mexico border communities. With respect to traditional factors, judges with more experience and those that hear higher percentages of cases involving individuals from Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras, grant significantly fewer petitions for asylum. Judges who hear high percentages of petitions from applicants with attorneys grant significantly more asylums.