Fungi and algae co-occur in snow: an issue of shared habitat or algal facilitation of heterotrophs?
Fungi and algae co-occur in snow: an issue of shared habitat or algal facilitation of heterotrophs?
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DOI：
10.1657/aaar0014-071
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Jumpponen, Ari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Shawn P.;Olson, Bradley J. S. C.;Jumpponen, Ari
晚季的高山雪通常被嗜冷雪藻殖民，它们可能为微生物提供营养来源。这样的晚雪是一个恶劣的环境，但支持一个多样化和复杂的真菌群落。我们使用独立培养方法（Illumina MiSeq）来测试雪藻的存在是否影响真菌群落。我们在配对实验设计中将藻类定植的雪与邻近（3 m远）的非定植雪进行了比较。我们的数据表明，几种真菌在当地丰富的藻类定殖雪。虽然许多这样的真菌是担子菌酵母，我们的分析确定了大量的雪传播的壶菌门的成员。虽然这些壶菌的生态和功能仍不清楚，我们推测，他们在藻类斑块的富集表明，他们依赖于藻类的营养。我们建议，这些壶菌在雪生态系统中的重要组成部分，强调其多样性和重要性的低估。两者合计，我们的数据强烈表明，真菌群落在雪中是异质的，即使在相邻的样品。此外，真菌和藻类群落可能受到类似环境驱动因素的影响，导致它们在雪中共存。
Late season alpine snows are often colonized by psychrophilic snow algae that may provide a source of nutrients for microbes. Such late season snows are a harsh environment, but support a diverse and complex fungal community. We used culture independent methods (Illumina MiSeq) to test if the presence of snow algae influences fungal communities. We compared algae-colonized snows to adjacent (3 m distant) noncolonized snows in a paired experimental design. Our data indicate that several fungi are locally enriched in algae colonized snows. Although many such fungi were basidiomycetous yeasts, our analyses identified a large number of snow-borne members of phylum Chytridiomycota. While the ecology and function of these Chytridiomycetes remain unclear, we hypothesize that their enrichment in the algal patches suggests that they depend on algae for nutrition. We propose that these chytrids are important components in snow ecosystems, highlighting the underestimation of their diversity and importance. Taken together, our data strongly indicate that fungal communities are heterogeneous in snow even among adjacent samples. Further, fungal and algal communities may be influenced by similar environmental drivers resulting in their co-occurrence in snow.