Testing the minority stress model across gender identity, race, and ethnicity among U.S. gender minority adolescents.
Testing the minority stress model across gender identity, race, and ethnicity among U.S. gender minority adolescents.
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在美国性别少数青少年中测试跨性别认同、种族和族裔的少数压力模型。
DOI：
10.1037/abn0000834
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Thoma,BrianC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jardas,EJ;Ladd,BriannaA;Maheux,AnneJ;Choukas-Bradley,Sophia;Salk,RachelH;Thoma,BrianC
性别少数（GM）青年的精神病理学风险较高，据称是由于他们的GM压力源的经验。然而，很少有研究探讨转基因压力源如何与转基因青年的抑郁和焦虑有关。此外，没有以前的研究调查如何在不同的样本中的GM青年的性别认同和种族/民族的GM压力源的经验不同。一项针对1,943名14至18岁转基因青少年的全国性在线横断面调查（66.91%白色，11.73%多种族，8.49%拉丁美洲人，7.10%黑人，3.09%亚洲人，1.49%美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民）在美国评估了转基因压力源（偏见事件，拒绝的预期，内化的transnegativity和隐瞒）和心理健康。结构方程模型被用来研究GM压力源和抑郁和焦虑症状如何在性别认同和种族/民族之间存在差异。每个GM压力源的水平越高，抑郁症状越严重。Preventive事件，预期的拒绝，和隐瞒与较高的焦虑症状。与非二元青年相比，男性和变性青年报告了更高水平的转基因偏见事件和拒绝期望，以及更高的心理健康症状。调查结果在不同种族/民族身份之间相对一致，但与白色转基因青少年相比，黑人转基因青少年报告的转基因偏见事件和拒绝预期较少，间接表现出较低的心理健康症状。研究人员和临床医生应该了解交叉身份与不同转基因青年的压力和心理健康之间的关系。对个人和结构层面的干预措施的建议进行了讨论。
Gender minority (GM) youth are at heightened risk for psychopathology, purportedly due to their experiences of GM stressors. However, few studies have examined how GM stressors are associated with depression and anxiety among GM youth. Furthermore, no prior studies have investigated how experiences of GM stressors differ across gender identity and race/ethnicity within a diverse sample of GM youth. A nationwide online cross-sectional survey of 1,943 fourteen-to 18-year-old GM adolescents (66.91% White, 11.73% multiracial, 8.49% Latinx, 7.10% Black, 3.09% Asian, 1.49% American Indian/Alaskan Native) in the United States assessed GM stressors (prejudice events, expectations of rejection, internalized transnegativity, and concealment) and mental health. Structural equation modeling was used to examine how GM stressors and depressive and anxiety symptoms differ across gender identity and race/ethnicity. Higher levels of each GM stressor were related to higher depressive symptoms. Prejudice events, expectations of rejection, and concealment were related to higher anxiety symptoms. Transmasculine and transfeminine youth reported higher levels of GM prejudice events and expectations of rejection, and higher mental health symptoms, than nonbinary youth. Findings were relatively consistent across racial/ethnic identities, with the exception that Black GM adolescents reported fewer GM prejudice events and expectations of rejection and indirectly exhibited lower mental health symptoms as compared to White GM youth. Researchers and clinicians should be attuned to how intersectional identities are related to stress and mental health among diverse GM youth. Recommendations for individual and structural-level interventions are discussed.