Human Skin Microbiota: High Diversity of DNA Viruses Identified on the Human Skin by High Throughput Sequencing
Human Skin Microbiota: High Diversity of DNA Viruses Identified on the Human Skin by High Throughput Sequencing
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0038499
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发表时间：
2012-06-19
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Eloit, Marc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foulongne, Vincent;Sauvage, Virginie;Eloit, Marc
人体皮肤是一个复杂的生态系统，其宿主为异质性植物群。直到最近，皮肤微生物群的多样性主要是通过基于培养的测定来研究细菌，随后通过分子技术来证实。现在有许多证据表明，病毒代表了皮肤植物群的重要组成部分，如在健康皮肤上无症状地携带β和γ-人乳头瘤病毒所证明的。此外，最近有人提出，多瘤病毒属的一些代表可能具有类似的特征。在本研究中，通过高通量宏基因组测序方法研究了来自5名健康个体和1名默克尔细胞癌患者的外观正常皮肤表面的皮肤病毒组，试图提供皮肤植物群的全面描述，特别关注其病毒组分。结果强调了皮肤病毒植物群的高度多样性，在正常外观的皮肤上检测到多种多瘤病毒、乳头状瘤病毒和圆环病毒。此外，这种方法导致新的乳头瘤病毒和圆环病毒基因组的鉴定，并证实了人类多瘤病毒物种内的遗传多样性水平非常低。虽然病毒通常被认为是病原体，我们的研究结果支持存在一个复杂的病毒植物群存在于表面的健康出现在不同的人的皮肤。皮肤病毒组的动力学和解剖变异及其在病理条件下的变化有待进一步研究。这些病毒单独或联合参与皮肤增生性疾病和肿瘤发生的可能性是另一个有待阐明的关键问题。
The human skin is a complex ecosystem that hosts a heterogeneous flora. Until recently, the diversity of the cutaneous microbiota was mainly investigated for bacteria through culture based assays subsequently confirmed by molecular techniques. There are now many evidences that viruses represent a significant part of the cutaneous flora as demonstrated by the asymptomatic carriage of beta and gamma-human papillomaviruses on the healthy skin. Furthermore, it has been recently suggested that some representatives of the Polyomavirus genus might share a similar feature. In the present study, the cutaneous virome of the surface of the normal-appearing skin from five healthy individuals and one patient with Merkel cell carcinoma was investigated through a high throughput metagenomic sequencing approach in an attempt to provide a thorough description of the cutaneous flora, with a particular focus on its viral component. The results emphasize the high diversity of the viral cutaneous flora with multiple polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses and circoviruses being detected on normal-appearing skin. Moreover, this approach resulted in the identification of new Papillomavirus and Circovirus genomes and confirmed a very low level of genetic diversity within human polyomavirus species. Although viruses are generally considered as pathogen agents, our findings support the existence of a complex viral flora present at the surface of healthy-appearing human skin in various individuals. The dynamics and anatomical variations of this skin virome and its variations according to pathological conditions remain to be further studied. The potential involvement of these viruses, alone or in combination, in skin proliferative disorders and oncogenesis is another crucial issue to be elucidated.