Phyto-management of Cr-contaminated soils by sunflower hybrids: physiological and biochemical response and metal extractability under Cr stress
Phyto-management of Cr-contaminated soils by sunflower hybrids: physiological and biochemical response and metal extractability under Cr stress
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-017-9247-3
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Saeed, Rashid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Farid, Mujahid;Ali, Shafaqat;Saeed, Rashid
铬 (Cr) 是一种生物非必需、致癌且有毒的重金属。培育耐铬基因型似乎是铬污染土壤恢复和修复的最有利且环境友好的策略。为了证明这一假设并确定铬耐受性，本研究旨在评估向日葵基因型对铬胁迫的生理和生化反应。六种向日葵杂交种（即 FH-425、FH-600、FH-612、FH-614、FH-619 和 FH-620）在 Cr 浓度不断增加（0、5、10 和 20 mg kg(-1)）的情况下在加标土壤中生长 12 周。还在培养皿中的不同 Cr 浓度（0、5、10、200 mM）下进行了种子发芽测试。发芽12周后收获植物。不同的植物属性，例如生长；生物质；光合作用；气体交换；抗氧化酶的活性，即超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、愈创木酚过氧化物酶（POD）、抗坏血酸（APX）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）；活性氧（ROS）；脂质过氧化；电解液泄漏；研究了 Cr 浓度以及所有植物部分的积累，以选择最耐 Cr 的基因型。土壤中铬浓度的增加引发了向日葵所有植物参数的降低。铬胁迫增加了电解质渗漏和活性氧的产生，刺激了向日葵抗氧化酶的活性和气体交换特性。随着铬处理的增加，根和地上部的铬积累逐渐增加，导致植物整体生长下降。 Cr累积量的顺序为FH-614>FH-620>FH-600>FH-619>FH-612>FH-425。向日葵杂交种对铬的吸收和积累的差异可能有助于耐铬基因型的选择和育种。
Chromium (Cr) is a biologically non-essential, carcinogenic and toxic heavy metal. The cultivation of Cr-tolerant genotypes seems the most favorable and environment friendly strategy for rehabilitation and remediation of Cr-contaminated soils. To prove this hypothesis and identify the Cr tolerance, the present study was performed to assess the physiological and biochemical response of sunflower genotypes to Cr stress. The seeds of six sunflower hybrids, namely FH-425, FH-600, FH-612, FH-614, FH-619, and FH-620, were grown in spiked soil for 12 weeks under increasing concentrations of Cr (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg kg(-1)). A seed germination test was also run under different concentrations of Cr (0, 5, 10, 200 mM) in petri dishes. Plants were harvested after 12 weeks of germination. Different plant attributes such as growth; biomass; photosynthesis; gas exchange; activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate (APX), and catalases (CAT); reactive oxygen species (ROS); lipid peroxidation; electrolyte leakage; and Cr concentration as well as accumulations in all plant parts were studied for the selection of the most Cr-tolerant genotype. Increasing concentration of Cr in soil triggered the reduction of all plant parameters in sunflower. Cr stress increased electrolyte leakage and production of reactive oxygen species which stimulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and gas exchange attributes of sunflower. Chromium accumulation in the root and shoot increased gradually with increasing Cr treatments and caused reduction in overall plant growth. The accumulation of Cr was recorded in the order of FH-614 > FH-620 > FH-600 > FH-619 > FH-612 > FH-425. The differential uptake and accumulation of Cr by sunflower hybrids may be useful in selection and breeding for Cr-tolerant genotypes.