Hands, Water, and Health: Fecal Contamination in Tanzanian Communities with Improved, Non-Networked Water Supplies
Hands, Water, and Health: Fecal Contamination in Tanzanian Communities with Improved, Non-Networked Water Supplies
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DOI：
10.1021/es903524m
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Boehm, Alexandria B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pickering, Amy J.;Davis, Jennifer;Boehm, Alexandria B.
世界上几乎一半的人口依赖于非网络供水服务，这就需要在家中储水。有人认为，在收集、运输和储存过程中，脏手在饮用水的微生物污染中发挥作用。然而，很少有工作已经做了定量评估手污染和家庭内储存的水质之间的关联。这项研究测量了E。大肠杆菌、粪链球菌和一般类杆菌粪便DNA标记物在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆社区的334个家庭中的水源、储存水和手上的出现，其中居民使用非联网水源，母亲和儿童手上的粪便污染水平与家庭内储存的饮用水中的粪便污染呈正相关。与手污染相关的家庭特征包括母亲的教育程度、使用改良的厕所、家中有婴儿以及对卫生用水量的不满。此外，手上的粪便污染与家庭内胃肠道和呼吸道症状的流行有关。结果表明，减少粪便污染的手，应调查作为一种战略，以改善储存的饮用水质量和健康的家庭使用非网络供水。
Almost half of the world's population relies on non-networked water supply services, which necessitates in-home water storage. It has been suggested that dirty hands play a role in microbial contamination of drinking water during collection, transport, and storage. However, little work has been done to evaluate quantitatively the association between hand contamination and stored water quality within households. This study measured levels of E. coli, fecal streptococci, and occurrence of the general Bacteroidales fecal DNA marker in source water, in stored water, and on hands in 334 households among communities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, where residents use non-networked water sources, Levels of fecal contamination on hands of mothers and children were positively correlated to fecal contamination in stored drinking water within households. Household characteristics associated with hand contamination included mother's educational attainment, use of an improved toilet, an infant in the household, and dissatisfaction with the quantity of water available for hygiene. In addition, fecal contamination on hands was associated with the prevalence of gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms within a household. The results suggest that reducing fecal contamination on hands should be investigated as a strategy for improving stored drinking water quality and health among households using non-networked water supplies.