Air pollution: from sources of emissions to health effects
Air pollution: from sources of emissions to health effects
复制标题
空气污染：从排放源到健康影响
作者：
C. Pénard;I. Annesi
排放量（=环境大气中空气污染物的浓度）是由空气污染物排放的强度和类型、空气污染物的扩散及其输送造成的。主要空气污染指标为SO2、NOx、PM、CO、VOC和O3。道路交通已成为城市空气污染的第一来源。空气污染物对健康的影响取决于吸收剂量、污染物类型和个人敏感性。教育目的全面介绍主要空气污染物的来源、扩散及转化。描述这些空气污染物对健康的影响。解释发射、注入、照射和吸收剂量之间的差异。帮助读者了解关于空气污染的科学和政治辩论中的利害关系。空气污染，特别是城市地区的空气污染，是一个令人关切的公共健康问题，因为它对人类和其他生物体的健康、生存和活动产生有害影响。本文介绍了城市环境中常见的主要空气污染类型，沿着它们的来源、排放水平、扩散机制、转化、环境空气中的浓度（=污染物）以及对环境和健康的影响。特别是，照射，吸收剂量和个人易感性的概念进行了解释。还描述了由于道路交通重量的增加而导致的空气污染物排放和污染的最新演变。最后，强调了欧洲的空气质量标准。
Key points Immissions (=concentration of air pollutants in the ambient atmosphere) result from the intensity and the type of emissions of air pollutants, the dispersion of air pollutants and their transportation. The main air pollution indicators are SO2, NOx, PM, CO, VOC and O3. Road traffic has become the first source of air pollution in urban areas. Health effects caused by air pollutants depend on the absorbed dose, the type of pollutants and the individual susceptibility. Educational aims To provide a thorough presentation of sources, dispersion and transformation of major air pollutants. To describe the health effects of these air pollutants. To explain the differences between emissions, immissions, exposure and absorbed dose. To help readers to understand what is at stake in the topical scientific and political debate on air pollution. Summary Air pollution, particularly in urban areas, constitutes a public health concern, as it has a harmful effect on the health, survival and activities of humans and other living organisms. Here, the main types of air pollution commonly found in urban environments are presented, along with their sources, levels of emissions, mechanisms of dispersion, transformation, concentrations in ambient air (=immissions), and effects on the environment and health. In particular, the concepts of exposure, absorbed dose and individual susceptibility are explained. The recent evolution in air pollutant emissions and immissions due to the growing weight of road traffic is also described. Finally, European air quality criteria are highlighted.
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
DOCKERY, DW;POPE, CA;SPEIZER, FE
通讯作者：
SPEIZER, FE