How to Write (Science) Better. Simplified English Principles in a Skill-Oriented ESP Course
How to Write (Science) Better. Simplified English Principles in a Skill-Oriented ESP Course
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如何更好地写作（科学）。
DOI：
10.2478/slgr-2021-0008
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Monika Śleszyńska
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Monika Śleszyńska
摘要在技术大学教授博士生或学者写作是一项具有挑战性的任务。因为他们需要用英语发表研究成果来追求学术生涯，所以他们通常积极性很高，并对班级抱有很高的期望。然而，他们的语言能力往往不够熟练，可能导致退稿。本文以受控自然语言（CNLs）的规则和简明英语的指导原则为基础，重点讨论语言问题。它展示了如何利用这些问题提高语法质量和可读性的科学为导向的书面文本。本文介绍了四个原则：去除名词化，并使用所谓的强动词，使信息更简单，更直接;组合字符串中的名词，以经济地表达复杂的想法;应用语法一致性的协调元素在句子中，使他们不那么混乱;减少冗长，以获得更精确和更容易理解的写作。从真实的学生写作样本短语和句子，以及他们的改进版本提供给每一个准则，使读者有一个更深入的了解如何在专业背景下的原则工作。由于问题，例如，研究论文，赠款建议或报告是常见的各个学科和不同层次，本文作者得出的结论是，这些原则不仅应实施技术，而且法律的，医学和商业写作课程，由英语教师提供给年轻的研究人员和有经验的科学家。
Abstract Teaching writing to doctoral students or academics at a technical university is a challenging task. Because they need to publish their research findings in English to pursue academic careers, they are usually highly motivated and expect a lot of the class. Their language competences, however, very often lack enough proficiency and may contribute to manuscript rejection. The paper focuses on language issues based on the rules of controlled natural languages (CNLs) and guidelines of Plain English. It shows how employing these issues improves grammatical quality and readability of science-oriented written texts. The paper describes four principles: removing nominalisation and using the so-called strong verbs to make the message simpler and more direct; combining nouns in strings to express complex ideas economically; applying grammatical consistency for coordinate elements in sentences to make them less chaotic; and reducing wordiness to obtain a more precise and comprehensible piece of writing. Sample phrases and sentences from authentic student writing as well as their improved versions are provided to each of the guidelines so that a reader has a deeper insight into how the principles work in a specialist context. Because problems with, for example, research papers, grant proposals or reports are common to various disciplines and at various levels, the Author of the paper draws conclusions that these principles should be implemented not only in a technical but also legal, medical and business writing course offered by English teachers to both young researchers and experienced scientists.