On the Rate of Decline of Persistent Organic Contaminants in Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the Great Lakes, 1970-2003
On the Rate of Decline of Persistent Organic Contaminants in Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the Great Lakes, 1970-2003
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DOI：
10.1021/es903191u
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发表时间：
2010-03-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Swackhamer, Deborah L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carlson, Daniel L.;De Vault, David S.;Swackhamer, Deborah L.
五大湖鱼类监测计划 (GLFMP) 三十四年的数据显示，随着时间的推移，湖鳟鱼中大多数污染物的行为发生了显着变化，这与监管和修复后污染物输入的变化一致。多溴二苯醚 (PBDE) 显示出正的表观一级速率常数，降至接近于零。狄氏剂的半衰期相对不变，约为 10 年，苏必利尔湖除外（类似于 25 年）。灭蚁灵一直只在安大略湖的鱼类中检测到，直到 20 世纪 90 年代对源点进行修复后，其半衰期才逐渐减少，此后半衰期为 2-3 年。直到 20 世纪 80 年代中期，氯丹、多氯联苯 (PCB) 和二氯二苯基三氯乙烷 (DDT) 及其代谢物的半衰期通常为 3-6 年；此后，最新数据证实半衰期通常约为 15-30 年。对于 PCB，其他介质中的半衰期也有所延长。食物网结构、渔业动态和气候的变化无疑会影响浓度，但无法解释在多种媒体中观察到的长期趋势。如果不识别和遏制剩余污染源，五大湖遗留污染物的浓度可能会继续缓慢下降，并在几十年内造成健康问题。
Thirty-four years of data from the Great Lakes Fish Monitoring Program (GLFMP) show significant changes in the behavior of most contaminants in lake trout over time consistent with changes in contaminant inputs following regulation and remediation. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) show positive apparent first-order rate constants falling to near zero. Dieldrin shows relatively unchanging half-lives of around 10 years except in Lake Superior (similar to 25 years). Mirex, consistently detected only in Lake Ontario fish, shows a slow decrease until the 1990s, when remediation of a source site occurred, after which half-lives are 2-3 years. Half-lives of oxychlordane, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dichloro-diphenyl-trichlorethane (DDT) and its metabolites were typically 3-6 years until the mid 1980s; since then, the newest data confirm half-lives are usually around 15-30 years. For PCBs, an increasing half-life is found in other media as well. Changes in food web structure, fishery dynamics, and climate undoubtedly affect concentrations but cannot explain observed long-term trends across several media. Concentrations of legacy contaminants in the Great Lakes are likely to continue to decline only slowly and pose a health concern for decades without identifying and containing remaining sources.