Towards an ultimate explanation for mixed‐species shoaling
Towards an ultimate explanation for mixed‐species shoaling
复制标题
对混合物种浅滩的最终解释
作者：
K. Paijmans;D. Booth;M. Wong
社会群体的形成对许多动物物种的适应能力有重要影响，群体组成的不同导致了个体适应能力的一系列结果。最近对混合物种分组的兴趣来自于大量致力于了解单一物种分组的文献，突出了与物种之间自然存在的表型、行为和生理差异有关的群体形成的新的复杂性。在鱼类中，混合物种浅滩是一种常见的社会群体行为形式，表现在一系列海洋和淡水生态系统中。解释混合鱼种浅水行为的研究表明，与对单一鱼种浅水行为的解释有一些重叠；然而，它也表明，物种之间的明显差异会产生独特的成本-效益权衡，需要将其纳入混合鱼种浅水行为的概念模型。与捕食有关的独特权衡可能产生于混淆效应的低效、物种之间警觉性的差异以及捕食者表现出的不平等的物种偏好，而与觅食有关的独特权衡可能产生于食物分配、觅食行为的差异以及物种间竞争能力的差异。我们回顾了与混合鱼种浅滩相关的适合度结果的文献，并提出了一个新的理论框架来解释混合鱼种浅滩中个体的成本-收益权衡。该框架既包括物种间差异引起的权衡，也包括群体规模引起的权衡，前者由于侧重于单一物种浅滩，在很大程度上被忽视。我们的框架旨在为未来努力解释混合物种浅滩行为的研究提供信息。
The formation of social groups has important impacts on fitness for many animal species, with differences in group compositions resulting in a range of fitness outcomes for individuals. Recent interest in mixed‐species grouping, which extends from a large body of literature invested in understanding single‐species grouping, highlights novel complexities of group formation which relate to phenotypic, behavioural and physiological differences that naturally exist between species. Among fishes, mixed‐species shoaling is a common form of social grouping behaviour displayed across a range of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Research explaining mixed‐species shoaling shows some overlap with explanations for single‐species shoaling; however, it also demonstrates that distinct differences between species give rise to unique cost‐benefit trade‐offs which need to be incorporated into conceptual models of mixed‐species shoaling behaviour. Unique predation related trade‐offs may arise from inefficiency of the confusion effect, variation in vigilance between species and unequal species‐preferences shown by predators, whilst unique foraging‐related trade‐offs may arise from diet partitioning, variations in foraging behaviour and differences in competitive abilities between species. We review the literature on fitness outcomes associated with mixed‐species shoaling and present a new theoretical framework to explain the cost‐benefit trade‐offs for individuals within mixed‐species shoals. The framework incorporates both trade‐offs arising from differences between species and those arising from group size, the former having been largely ignored due to a focus on single‐species shoaling. Our framework is designed to inform future research striving to explain mixed‐species shoaling behaviour.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Portugal, Steven J.;Hubel, Tatjana Y.;Usherwood, James R.
通讯作者：
Usherwood, James R.