Early origin and diverse phenotypic implementation of iridescent UV patterns for sexual signaling in pierid butterflies
Early origin and diverse phenotypic implementation of iridescent UV patterns for sexual signaling in pierid butterflies
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DOI：
10.1093/evolut/qpad174
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发表时间：
2023-10-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Pyron，R. Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ficarrotta，Vincent;Martin，Arnaud;Pyron，R. Alexander
粉蝶翅膀上的虹彩紫外线（IUV）图案是表型适应，通常用作性信号，由超微结构改变的鳞片产生。粉蝶 IUV 模式是两性二色的，雌性体型较小，明显的性信号平衡求偶与生态捕食。目前还没有对粉蝶科 IUV 进行系统发育重建，也没有对表型多样性进行形态学表征。我们对 IUV 的属范围特征揭示了覆盖鳞片背面堆叠层状脊的一致相似性。我们通过重建 534 个物种（约占所描述物种的 43.2%）的系统发育（包含所有属）以及筛选了 IUV 的 734 个物种（约 59.4%）的性状矩阵来测试单一起源与多重起源的假设。 IUV 的单一、早期二态性起源以及随后的几次损失和增益得到了强有力的支持，得出的结论是 IUV 模式和结构着色是古老的特征。总的来说，这些结果支持了多个谱系内多样化的 IUV 尺度和模式的同源性，表明雌性介导的性选择和生态掠夺性选择之间存在相互作用。
Iridescent ultraviolet (IUV) patterns on pierid butterfly wings are phenotypic adaptations commonly used as sexual signals, generated by scales with ultrastructural modifications. Pierid IUV patterns are sexually dichromatic, with reduced size in females, where conspicuous sexual signaling balances courtship against ecological predation. There have been no phylogenetic reconstructions of IUV within Pieridae and little morphological characterization of phenotypic diversity. Our genus-wide characterization of IUV revealed the uniform similarity of stacked lamellar ridges on the dorsal surface of cover scales. We tested a hypothesis of single versus multiple origins by reconstructing a phylogeny of 534 species (~43.2% described species), with all genera represented, and a trait matrix of 734 species (~59.4%) screened for IUV. A single, early dimorphic origin of IUV followed by several losses and gains received strong support, concluding that IUV patterns and structural coloration are old traits. Collectively, these results support the homology of IUV scales and patterns that diversified within several lineages, suggesting an interplay between female-mediated sexual selection and ecological predatory selection.