What are the benefits of interacting with nature?
What are the benefits of interacting with nature?
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph10030913
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发表时间：
2013-03-06
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fuller RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keniger LE;Gaston KJ;Irvine KN;Fuller RA
越来越多的经验证据表明，与自然的互动给人们带来了可衡量的好处。对该主题的评论通常集中在特定类型的好处上，局限于单个学科，或者涵盖了特定类型的交互所带来的好处。在这里，我们构建新的类型学的设置，互动和人与自然的经验的潜在利益，并使用这些组织与自然互动的好处的评估。我们发现，与自然互动的好处的证据在地理上偏向于高纬度和西方社会，可能有助于关注某些类型的设置和好处。社会科学家是这一领域最活跃的研究者。生态学家的贡献很少，这可能妨碍了确定自然环境中造福人类的关键生态特征。虽然已经研究了许多类型的益处，但对身体健康、认知能力和心理健康的益处比与自然互动的社会或精神益处受到更多的关注，尽管后者可能产生重要后果。大多数益处的证据是相关的，尽管有几项实验研究，但对提供这些益处的重要机制知之甚少。例如，我们不知道自然环境的哪些特征（例如，生物多样性、干扰程度、邻近性、可及性）对于触发有益的互动最为重要，并说明这些特征在不同文化、地理区域和社会经济群体之间的重要性如何不同。如果我们要在快速城市化的世界中设计促进人与自然之间高质量互动的景观，这些都是未来研究的关键方向。
There is mounting empirical evidence that interacting with nature delivers measurable benefits to people. Reviews of this topic have generally focused on a specific type of benefit, been limited to a single discipline, or covered the benefits delivered from a particular type of interaction. Here we construct novel typologies of the settings, interactions and potential benefits of people-nature experiences, and use these to organise an assessment of the benefits of interacting with nature. We discover that evidence for the benefits of interacting with nature is geographically biased towards high latitudes and Western societies, potentially contributing to a focus on certain types of settings and benefits. Social scientists have been the most active researchers in this field. Contributions from ecologists are few in number, perhaps hindering the identification of key ecological features of the natural environment that deliver human benefits. Although many types of benefits have been studied, benefits to physical health, cognitive performance and psychological well-being have received much more attention than the social or spiritual benefits of interacting with nature, despite the potential for important consequences arising from the latter. The evidence for most benefits is correlational, and although there are several experimental studies, little as yet is known about the mechanisms that are important for delivering these benefits. For example, we do not know which characteristics of natural settings (e.g., biodiversity, level of disturbance, proximity, accessibility) are most important for triggering a beneficial interaction, and how these characteristics vary in importance among cultures, geographic regions and socio-economic groups. These are key directions for future research if we are to design landscapes that promote high quality interactions between people and nature in a rapidly urbanising world.
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