Impact of bad weather on the development of the broodnest and pollen stores in a honeybee colony (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Impact of bad weather on the development of the broodnest and pollen stores in a honeybee colony (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
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恶劣天气对蜂群巢穴和花粉储备发育的影响（膜翅目：蜜蜂科）
DOI：
10.1127/entom.gen/24/1999/49
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
K. Crailsheim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Blaschon;H. Guttenberger;N. Hrassnigg;K. Crailsheim
1997年夏季，观察了一个蜜蜂种群Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann 1879，约有12.300-13.100只蜜蜂，圈养在一个8格观察蜂箱（2x 4垂直排列的框架）中。在交替的好天气（3个周期，每个6天）和坏天气（3个周期，每个5天），这是由强烈的人工降雨模拟期间测量的食物存储量和育雏。储存的花粉量通常在好天气期间增加，在坏天气期间减少。在整个实验过程中，蜂蜜储备充足。根据大小将幼虫分为2类：“小”幼虫（估计鲜重140 mg）。在整个研究过程中，幼虫总数略有增加，但在不同的天气条件下，小型和大型幼虫的数量有显着差异。在恶劣天气期间，大型幼虫的数量显著减少，而小型幼虫的数量增加。相比之下，在良好的天气条件下，大型幼虫的数量显着增加，而小型幼虫的数量没有变化。大幼虫数量的变化与殖民地中花粉量的变化有很好的相关性。看来，在恶劣的天气下，花粉储存的减少可能会改变护士蜜蜂的育雏行为，这可能会导致幼虫营养不良，这可能会被密封在一个较轻的重量。由于大幼虫的数量在雨季早期开始减少，当时花粉仍然可用，蜜蜂似乎在缺乏花粉的时期迅速转向“节省资源”的策略。研究结果并不表明，育雏同类相食是普遍的，虽然这种行为是已知的发生在恶劣的天气条件下。
A honeybee colony of the race Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann 1879 with about 12.300-13.100 individuals, housed in an eight-frame observation hive (2 x 4 vertically arranged frames), was observed in summer 1997. The amounts of food stores and brood were measured during alternating periods of good weather (3 periods of 6 days each) and bad weather (3 periods of 5 days each), which was simulated by intense artificial rain. The amount of stored pollen typically increased during periods of good weather and decreased during phases of bad weather. The honey reserves were plentiful during the entire experiment. The larvae were classified into 2 categories according to their size: 'small' larvae (estimated fresh weight 140 mg). The total number of larvae increased slightly and fairly consistently over the course of the whole study, but under different weather conditions there were significant differences in the amounts of small and large larvae. During bad weather periods, the number of large larvae decreased significantly and heavily, while the number of small larvae increased. In contrast, during good weather conditions, the number of large larvae significantly increased, and the number of small larvae did not change. The changes in the number of large larvae correlated well with the changes in the amount of pollen in the colony. It seems that, during bad weather, a decline in the pollen stores might alter the brood-feeding behaviour of nurse bees, and this can result in underfed larvae, which may be sealed at a lighter weight. As the decreases in the number of large larvae started early in the rainy period, when pollen was still available, the bees seem to switch very rapidly to a 'save resources' strategy when a period of lack arises. The results do not suggest that brood cannibalism was prevalent, although this behaviour is known to occur under bad weather conditions.