Euroscepticism and the Future of European Integration
Euroscepticism and the Future of European Integration
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欧洲怀疑论与欧洲一体化的未来
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
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通讯作者：
C. D. Vries
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. D. Vries
欧洲联盟（欧盟）正面临着其存在以来最不稳定的时期之一。在其历史上，它从来没有像现在这样经济脆弱，在如何保护其边界问题上如此不安全，在如何解决其机构面临的合法性危机上如此分歧，以及如此受到欧洲怀疑派政党的攻击。近几十年来，前所未有的一体化水平导致了公众支持的增加，但与此同时，欧盟比以往任何时候都更加依赖公众对其持续合法性的支持。本书探讨了公众舆论在欧洲一体化进程中的作用。它发展了一种新颖的舆论理论，强调人们对欧洲和国家政治的看法之间的深刻联系。它表明，公众舆论不能简单地被定性为欧洲怀疑论者或不是，而是由不同类型组成。这一点很重要，因为这些类型与关于欧盟改革方式和政策优先事项的根本不同观点相吻合。这些类型对选举和全民投票中的行为也有非常不同的后果。欧洲怀疑主义之所以如此多样化，是因为欧元区危机加剧了欧盟内部的结构性失衡。随着成员国经济和政治命运的分化，人们对欧盟和各国政治制度的体验和评价也越来越不同。本书所揭示的公众偏好的异质性，使得解决欧洲怀疑主义的一刀切的方法不太可能成功。
The European Union (EU) is facing one of the rockiest periods in its existence. At no time in its history has it looked so economically fragile, so insecure about how to protect its borders, so divided over how to tackle the crisis of legitimacy facing its institutions, and so under assault by Eurosceptic parties. The unprecedented levels of integration in recent decades have led to increased public contestation, yet at the same the EU is more reliant on public support for its continued legitimacy than ever before. This book examines the role of public opinion in the European integration process. It develops a novel theory of public opinion that stresses the deep interconnectedness between people’s views about European and national politics. It suggests that public opinion cannot simply be characterized as either Eurosceptic or not, but rather that it consists of different types. This is important because these types coincide with fundamentally different views about the way the EU should be reformed and which policy priorities should be pursued. These types also have very different consequences for behaviour in elections and referendums. Euroscepticism is such a diverse phenomenon because the Eurozone crisis has exacerbated the structural imbalances within the EU. As the economic and political fates of member states have diverged, people’s experiences with and evaluations of the EU and national political systems have also grown further apart. The heterogeneity in public preferences that this book has uncovered makes a one-size-fits-all approach to addressing Euroscepticism unlikely to be successful.