Growth of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in soil microcosms is inhibited by acetylene
Growth of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in soil microcosms is inhibited by acetylene
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00725.x
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Nicol, Graeme W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Offre, Pierre;Prosser, James I.;Nicol, Graeme W.
在最近发现自养氨氧化古菌之前，自养氨氧化细菌一直被认为是土壤中氨氧化的主要原因。为了评估细菌和古细菌氨氧化菌对土壤氨氧化的相对贡献，在30℃下培养30d的土壤微观世界中，分析了细菌和古细菌氨氧化菌的生长情况，并测定了氨氧化抑制剂乙炔对它们的生长和土壤硝化动力学的影响。细菌氨氧化剂16S rRNA基因的变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析没有检测到其群落组成在孵育过程中的任何变化，而细菌amoA基因的定量PCR(QPCR)分析表明，对照和含乙炔的微宇宙中细菌amoA基因的丰度略有下降。古生菌amoA和16S rRNA基因的DGGE指纹图谱表明，在活跃的硝化作用过程中，特定的隐翅菌种型的相对丰度发生了变化。同时，通过qPCR检测，隐古菌amoA基因拷贝数的增加也反映了生长情况。在含有乙炔的微型宇宙中，隐杆菌种型的硝化作用和生长受到抑制，表明这些隐杆菌属氨氧化菌。在硝化作用活跃的微生态系统中，只有古生菌而不是细菌氨氧化菌生长，这表明在本研究的条件下，氨氧化主要是由古生菌引起的。
Autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were considered to be responsible for the majority of ammonia oxidation in soil until the recent discovery of the autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing archaea. To assess the relative contributions of bacterial and archaeal ammonia oxidizers to soil ammonia oxidation, their growth was analysed during active nitrification in soil microcosms incubated for 30 days at 30 degrees C, and the effect of an inhibitor of ammonia oxidation (acetylene) on their growth and soil nitrification kinetics was determined. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of bacterial ammonia oxidizer 16S rRNA genes did not detect any change in their community composition during incubation, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of bacterial amoA genes indicated a small decrease in abundance in control and acetylene-containing microcosms. DGGE fingerprints of archaeal amoA and 16S rRNA genes demonstrated changes in the relative abundance of specific crenarchaeal phylotypes during active nitrification. Growth was also indicated by increases in crenarchaeal amoA gene copy number, determined by qPCR. In microcosms containing acetylene, nitrification and growth of the crenarchaeal phylotypes were suppressed, suggesting that these crenarchaea are ammonia oxidizers. Growth of only archaeal but not bacterial ammonia oxidizers occurred in microcosms with active nitrification, indicating that ammonia oxidation was mostly due to archaea in the conditions of the present study.