A Novel History of Fictionality
A Novel History of Fictionality
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小说的虚构史
DOI：
10.1353/nar.2016.0008
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Simona Zetterberg Gjerlevsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Simona Zetterberg Gjerlevsen
本文提出了虚构性的修辞定义，将其定义为交际中有意标志的发明，并展示了对虚构性的历史调查如何为我们理解十八世纪英国小说的兴起提供信息。本文将其对虚构性的研究方法与小说史学家（尤其是凯瑟琳·加拉格尔）和叙事学家（尤其是理查德·沃尔什）对这一概念的研究联系起来。然后，本文分析了菲尔丁的《汤姆·琼斯》（1749）、霍勒斯·沃波尔的《奥特朗托城堡》（1764年第一版，1766年第二版）和奥斯汀的《诺桑觉寺修道院》（1888年，写于1798- 1799年）中与虚构性有关的突出段落。这些分析表明，早期小说中关于虚构性的迹象和讨论以反映体裁发展的方式发生了变化：菲尔丁和沃波尔明确宣称自己是新写作领域的创始人，而奥斯汀则将虚构性的讨论纳入了既定但仍有争议的体裁中。更一般地说，本文表明，在早期小说的虚构性话语揭示了它的从业者如何理解体裁的关系，现实主义，真理，以及相邻的浪漫和历史体裁。
Proposing a rhetorical definition of fictionality as intentionally signaled invention in communication, this article shows how a historical investigation of fictionality can inform our understanding of the rise of the English novel in the eighteenth century. The essay situates its approach to fictionality in relation to work on the concept by both historians of the novel, especially Catherine Gallagher, and narratologists, especially Richard Walsh. The essay then analyzes salient passages related to fictionality in Fielding’s Tom Jones (1749), Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto (first edition 1764, second edition 1766) and Austen’s Northanger Abbey (1888, written in 1798–99). These analyses demonstrate that signs and discussions of fictionality in the early novel change in ways that reflect the development of the genre: whereas Fielding and Walpole explicitly proclaim to be founders of new provinces of writing, Austen incorporates a discussion of fictionality into the established but still-contested genre. More generally, the essay shows that the discourse on fictionality within the early novel reveals how its practitioners understood the genre’s relations to realism, to truth, and to the neighboring genres of romance and history.