The intestinal barrier as an emerging target in the toxicological assessment of mycotoxins.
The intestinal barrier as an emerging target in the toxicological assessment of mycotoxins.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00204-016-1794-8
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发表时间：
2017-03
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Fink-Gremmels J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akbari P;Braber S;Varasteh S;Alizadeh A;Garssen J;Fink-Gremmels J
真菌毒素是真菌的次生代谢产物，是人类和动物饮食中最常见的天然食物污染物。迄今为止，真菌毒素的风险评估主要集中在其致突变性、遗传毒性和潜在致癌作用上。最近，人们越来越意识到各种真菌毒素对肠道脆弱结构的不良影响。特别是，上皮细胞的屏障功能和密封紧密连接蛋白的损伤已经被注意到，因为这可能导致腔内抗原和病原体的易位增加和免疫系统的过度激活。本综述旨在总结各种真菌毒素对肠上皮屏障的直接作用的现有证据。基于不同细胞和动物研究的现有数据表明，与食物相关的某些真菌毒素暴露，特别是霉菌烯和展霉素，会影响肠道屏障的完整性，并可能导致有害应激源的易位增加。因此，假设人类暴露于某些真菌毒素，特别是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇，作为主要的菌霉素，可能在各种慢性肠道炎症性疾病（如炎症性肠病）的病因学中发挥重要作用，并在食物过敏的流行中发挥重要作用，特别是在儿童中。本文的在线版本（doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1794-8）包含补充材料，仅供授权用户使用。
Mycotoxins, the secondary metabolites of fungal species, are the most frequently occurring natural food contaminants in human and animal diets. Risk assessment of mycotoxins focused as yet on their mutagenic, genotoxic and potential carcinogenic effects. Recently, there is an increasing awareness of the adverse effects of various mycotoxins on vulnerable structures in the intestines. In particular, an impairment of the barrier function of the epithelial lining cells and the sealing tight junction proteins has been noted, as this could result in an increased translocation of luminal antigens and pathogens and an excessive activation of the immune system. The current review aims to provide a summary of the available evidence regarding direct effects of various mycotoxins on the intestinal epithelial barrier. Available data, based on different cellular and animal studies, show that food-associated exposure to certain mycotoxins, especially trichothecenes and patulin, affects the intestinal barrier integrity and can result in an increased translocation of harmful stressors. It is therefore hypothesized that human exposure to certain mycotoxins, particularly deoxynivalenol, as the major trichothecene, may play an important role in etiology of various chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and in the prevalence of food allergies, particularly in children. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1794-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.