Widening disparities in cigarette smoking by race/ethnicity across education level in the United States
Widening disparities in cigarette smoking by race/ethnicity across education level in the United States
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106220
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Trinidad, Dennis R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nguyen-Grozavu, France T.;Pierce, John P.;Trinidad, Dennis R.
减少烟草使用是一项重要的公共卫生目标。它是最大的可预防的死亡和疾病原因，但不平等现象依然存在。本研究探讨了美国三个最大的种族/族裔群体（非洲裔美国人，西班牙裔/拉丁裔和非西班牙裔白人）与吸烟相关的教育和种族/民族差异。数据包括1992/1993-2018年在美国进行的9次当前人口调查（TUS-CPS）的烟草使用补充，包括四个吸烟指标：曾经吸烟率，当前吸烟率，消费量（每天吸烟）和戒烟率。在所有TUS-CPS样本中，有9.5%的非洲裔美国人，8.8%的西班牙裔/拉丁美洲人和81.8%的非西班牙裔白人完成了调查。研究结果显示，较低的教育程度与所有种族/民族的吸烟率随时间的推移而增加有关，每个种族/民族内的教育水平差异随着时间的推移而扩大。最低和最高教育程度类别（低于高中教育与完成大学教育）之间以往和当前吸烟率的差异对于非裔美国人和非西班牙裔白人来说比西班牙裔/拉丁裔更大。随着时间的推移，非西班牙裔白人在所有教育水平中的卷烟消费量最高。从1992年到2018年，所有种族/族裔群体的大学毕业生辞职率最高，西班牙裔/拉丁裔和非西班牙裔白人的辞职率显著增加，但非裔美国人的辞职率没有增加。总之，吸烟方面的教育差距随着时间的推移而恶化，特别是在非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔美国人中。有针对性的烟草控制工作可以帮助减少这些差距，以实现公共卫生目标，虽然种族/民族的差距可能会持续存在，无论教育程度。
Reducing tobacco use is an important public health objective. It is the largest preventable cause of death and disease, yet inequalities remain. This study examines combined educational and racial/ethnic disparities in the United States related to cigarette smoking for the three largest racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and non-Hispanic Whiles). Data included nine Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Surveys (TUS-CPS) conducted in the United States from 1992/1993-2018 for four smoking metrics: ever smoking rates, current smoking rates, consumption (cigarettes per day), and quit ratios. Across all TUS-CPS samples, there were 9.5% African Americans, 8.8% Hispanics/Latinos, and 81.8% non-Hispanic Whites who completed surveys. Findings revealed that lower educational attainment was associated with increased ever and current smoking prevalence over time across all racial/ethnic groups, and education-level disparities within each race/ethnicity widened over time. Disparities in ever and current smoking rates between the lowest and highest categories of educational attainment (less than a high school education vs. completion of college) were larger for African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites than Hispanics/Latinos. Non-Hispanic Whites had the highest cigarette consumption across all education levels over time. College graduates had the highest quit ratios for all racial/ethnic groups from 1992 to 2018, with quit ratios significantly increasing for Hispanics/Latinos and non-Hispanic Whites, but not African Americans. In conclusion, educational disparities in smoking have worsened over time, especially among African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos. Targeted tobacco control efforts could help reduce these disparities to meet public health objectives, although racial/ethnic disparities may persist regardless of educational attainment.