Connecting Atmospheric Blocking to European Temperature Extremes in Spring
Connecting Atmospheric Blocking to European Temperature Extremes in Spring
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DOI：
10.1175/jcli-d-16-0518.1
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Steiner, Andrea K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brunner, Lukas;Hegerl, Gabriele C.;Steiner, Andrea K.
大气阻塞是欧洲气温变率的一个重要贡献者。它可以引发寒冷和温暖的天气，这在春季特别重要，因为植被在生长季节特别容易受到极端温度的影响。春季被认为是从冬季阻塞与寒冷天气的主要联系到夏季阻塞与温暖天气的主要联系的过渡时期。极端温度被称为寒冷或温暖的法术，如果温度保持在第10至第90百分位数范围外至少连续六天。在欧洲每日高分辨率网格数据集（E-OBS）的观测中分析了1979-2014年欧洲的寒冷和温暖时期，并在ERA-Interim的位势高度场中检查了与阻塞的联系。一个非常显着的阻塞和寒冷和温暖的法术之间的联系被发现，在春天的变化。东北大西洋和斯堪的纳维亚半岛上空的阻塞与欧洲寒冷天气的发生有关，特别是在早春，而中欧上空的阻塞与温暖的条件有关，特别是从3月开始。块的位置也影响极端温度的空间分布。在东南欧，80%以上的寒冷期发生在阻塞期间，而温暖期主要与北方欧洲的阻塞有关。在分析期间，大量的年际变化被发现，但也减少了寒冷期和温暖期的增加。气候变暖的长期变化有可能使人们更容易受到春季极端寒冷的影响。
Atmospheric blocking is an important contributor to European temperature variability. It can trigger cold and warm spells, which is of specific relevance in spring because vegetation is particularly vulnerable to extreme temperatures in the growing season. The spring season is investigated as a transition period from predominant connections of blocking with cold spells in winter to predominant connections of blocking with warm spells in summer. Extreme temperatures are termed cold or warm spells if temperature stays outside the 10th to 90th percentile range for at least six consecutive days. Cold and warm spells in Europe over 1979-2014 are analyzed in observations from the European daily high-resolution gridded dataset (E-OBS) and the connection to blocking is examined in geopotential height fields from ERA-Interim. A highly significant link between blocking and cold and warm spells is found that changes during spring. Blocking over the northeastern Atlantic and Scandinavia is correlated with the occurrence of cold spells in Europe, particularly early in spring, whereas blocking over central Europe is associated with warmer conditions, particularly from March onward. The location of the block also impacts the spatial distribution of temperature extremes. More than 80% of cold spells in southeastern Europe occur during blocking whereas warm spells are correlated with blocking mainly in northern Europe. Over the analysis period, substantial interannual variability is found but also a decrease in cold spells and an increase in warm spells. The long-term change to a warmer climate holds the potential for even higher vulnerability to spring cold extremes.