Mass Public Decisions on Go to War: A Cognitive-Interactionist Framework
Mass Public Decisions on Go to War: A Cognitive-Interactionist Framework
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关于战争的大众公共决策：认知互动框架
DOI：
10.2307/2585574
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
P. S. Visser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richard K. Herrmann;P. Tetlock;P. S. Visser
美国人如何决定他们的国家是否应该在国外使用军事力量？我们认为，它们结合了联合收割机的性格偏好和对地缘政治局势的想法。本文报告了一项具有代表性的全国性调查的结果，其中包括五个实验。调查结果包括：（1）回应的倾向，特别是孤立主义与国际主义和自信与自信，一贯限制政策偏好，而自由主义-保守主义没有;（2）地缘政治背景的特征-美国利益的存在，相对实力，对手的动机形象，以及对文化地位的判断-也影响了对军事干预的支持;（3）部署和地缘政治背景之间出现了系统性的相互作用，这揭示了何时以及为什么关于使用武力的意识形态分歧可能会被情境因素放大和减弱。我们的研究结果与认知互动主义的观点一致，即人们以相对周到的方式适应广泛的倾向于特定的外交政策问题。
How do Americans decide whether their country should use military force abroad? We argue they combine dispositional preferences and ideas about the geopolitical situation. This article reports the results of a representative national survey that incorporated five experiments. Findings include the following: (1) Respondent dispositions, especially isolationism versus internationalism and assertiveness versus accommodativeness, consistently constrained policy preferences, whereas liberalism-conservatism did not; (2) features of the geopolitical context—the presence of U.S. interests, relative power, the images of the adversary's motivations, and judgments about cultural status—also influenced support for military intervention; and (3) systematic interactions emerged between dispositions and geopolitical context that shed light on when and why ideological disagreements about the use of force are likely to be amplified and attenuated by situational factors. Our results are consistent with a cognitive-interactionist perspective, in which people adapt broad predispositions in relatively thoughtful ways to specific foreign policy problems.