Role of the Terrestrial Biosphere in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
Role of the Terrestrial Biosphere in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
复制标题
陆地生物圈在大气化学和气候中的作用
DOI：
10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00116
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
18.3
通讯作者：
Steiner, Allison L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steiner, Allison L.
结论：生物圈-大气界面是大气化学、生物和物理的重要下界。植被本身的存在通过控制土壤湿度、光环境和温度等重要的气候驱动因素来改变系统的物理边界或生态物理方面。陆地生物圈的叶表面积为排放提供了额外的表面积，在北方夏季，它可以达到地球总表面积的55%。植被还通过排放一系列反应性痕量气体，如生物挥发性有机化合物（BVOC）排放和与气候相关的初级生物气溶胶颗粒（PBAP），影响系统的生物地球化学方面。其中许多排放是地表气象和气候条件的函数，包括温度、光环境、土壤湿度和风。一旦发射，它们可以在对流层中通过一系列化学反应进行处理。BVOC可以促进臭氧和二次有机气溶胶的形成，PBAP可以破裂形成与气候相关的较小颗粒。这些排放物和随后产生的气溶胶产品可影响影响地面气候的大气过程，如辐射衰减、可反馈到地面空气温度的臭氧等温室气体的形成以及云的变化和随后的降水。然后，这些大气变化可以反馈到地表和排放本身，产生正反馈或负反馈回路，可以抑制或放大排放响应。对于主要的BVOC异戊二烯，对温度的反馈响应可以是正的或负的，这取决于驱动异戊二烯排放的环境温度。土壤水分和降水的反馈响应可以是正的，负的，或不耦合的土壤水分含量和大气气溶胶总负荷。对于光，异戊二烯响应可以是正的或负的，这取决于漫射光的作用。总的来说，这些反馈突出了生物圈在一系列时间尺度上对不断变化的大气条件的动态反应，从微量气体和气溶胶的几分钟到物候变化的几个月，再到土地覆盖和土地利用变化的几年。这个系统的动态方面要求我们理解，模拟和预测生物圈和大气之间的复杂反馈，并了解它们在模拟和理解气候和全球变化中的作用。从观测的角度来看，这些反馈在观测中很难识别，预测建模工具为了解这些反馈在气候变暖情景下将如何变化提供了一个至关重要的环节。
ConspectusThe terrestrial biosphere–atmosphere interface provides a key chemical, biological, and physical lower boundary for the atmosphere. The presence of vegetation itself modifies the physical boundary, or the biogeophysical aspects of the system, by controlling important climate drivers such as soil moisture, light environment, and temperature. The leaf surface area of the terrestrial biosphere provides additional surface area for emissions, and it can be up to 55% of the total Earth’s surface area during the boreal summer. Vegetation also influences the biogeochemical aspects of the system by emitting a broad suite of reactive trace gases such as biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and climate-relevant primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP). Many of these emissions are a function of meteorological and climatological conditions at the surface, including temperature, light environment, soil moisture, and winds. Once emitted, they can be processed in the troposphere through a suite of chemical reactions. BVOC can contribute to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), and PBAP can rupture to form smaller particles with climatic relevance. These emissions and subsequent aerosol products can influence atmospheric processes that affect the surface climate, such as the attenuation of radiation, the formation of greenhouse gases such as ozone that can feedback to surface air temperature, and the alteration of clouds and subsequent precipitation. These atmospheric changes can then feedback to the land surface and emissions themselves, creating positive or negative feedback loops that can dampen or amplify the emission response. For the dominant BVOC isoprene, the feedback response to temperature can be positive or negative depending on ambient temperatures that drive isoprene emissions. The feedback response to soil moisture and precipitation can be positive, negative, or uncoupled depending on the moisture content of the soil and the total atmospheric aerosol loading. For light, the isoprene response can be positive or negative depending on the role of diffuse light. Overall, these feedbacks highlight the dynamical response of the biosphere to changing atmospheric conditions across a range of time scales, from minutes for trace gases and aerosols, to months for phenological changes, to years for land cover and land use change. The dynamic aspect of this system requires us to understand, simulate, and predict the complex feedbacks between the biosphere and atmosphere and understand their role in the simulation and understanding of climate and global change. From the observational perspective, these feedbacks are challenging to identify in observations, and predictive modeling tools provide a crucial link for understanding how these feedbacks will change under warming climate scenarios.