Gridded North American monthly snow depth and snow water equivalent for GCM evaluation
Gridded North American monthly snow depth and snow water equivalent for GCM evaluation
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DOI：
10.3137/ao.410101
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Robinson, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, RD;Brasnett, B;Robinson, D
由于在大陆尺度上缺乏可靠的雪水当量网格估计，在大气环流模型中对积雪的评估受到阻碍。为了弥补这一差距，Brasnett（1999年）开发了一个雪深分析方案，并在加拿大气象中心（CMC）投入使用，的应用，以产生一个0.3degrees纬度/经度网格的月平均雪深和相应的估计水当量为北美评估大气模式相互比较项目II（AMIP II）的GCM积雪模拟1979-96年期间。每天从U. S.合作台站和加拿大气候台站为分析提供投入。第一个猜测场使用了一个简单的积雪、老化和融化模型，该模型由欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）ERA-15再分析的6小时气温和降水量值驱动，并扩展了热带海洋全球大气（TOGA）业务数据档案。格网雪深和SWE估算结果与大陆中纬度地区现有的独立原位和卫星数据吻合良好，雪深气候学比Foster和Davy（1988）有几处改进。每月积雪深度和估计的西南风气候可从加拿大冰冻圈信息网（http：//www.example.com）下载。www.ccin.ca
Evaluation of snow cover in GCMs has been hampered by a lack of reliable gridded estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) at continental scales. In order to address this gap, a snow depth analysis scheme developed by Brasnett (1999) and employed operationally at the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC), was applied to generate a 0.3degrees latitude/longitude grid of monthly mean snow depth and corresponding estimated water equivalent for North America to evaluate GCM snow cover simulations for the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project II (AMIP II) for the period 1979-96. Approximately 8000 snow depth observations per day were obtained from U. S. cooperative stations and Canadian climate stations for input to the analysis. The first-guess field used a simple snow accumulation, aging and melt model driven by 6-hourly values of air temperature and precipitation from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) ERA-15 Reanalysis with extensions from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) operational data archive. The gridded snow depth and estimated SWE results agree well with available independent in situ and satellite data over mid-latitudinal regions of the continent, and the snow depth climatology exhibited several improvements over Foster and Davy (1988). The monthly snow depth and estimated SWE climatologies are available for downloading from the Canadian Cryospheric Information Network (http://www.ccin.ca).