In situ off-farm work in the transport industry among oil palm smallholders in Sabah: negotiating the borders of licit and illegal activities.
In situ off-farm work in the transport industry among oil palm smallholders in Sabah: negotiating the borders of licit and illegal activities.
复制标题
沙巴油棕小农在运输业的现场非农工作：谈判合法和非法活动的边界。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8373.2009.01380.x
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fadzilah Majid Cooke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fadzilah Majid Cooke
本文考察了沙巴州东部Kinabatangan和Lahad Datu地区小农油棕经济中的非正式运输部门，考察了在道路上进行的合法和非法活动之间建立的隐喻边界。它描述了两组司机的工作，一组司机本身就是小农，他们为社区提供了重要的服务，将新鲜水果准时送到磨坊；还有运送包括外国人在内的乘客的海盗出租车，其中一些人是非法劳工。许多人开车已经有一段时间了，因此挑战了非农工作为小农提供临时安全网的观念。许可证可能有效的司机可能使用非法手段（如无证伐木）来积累购买车辆和必要许可证的初始资金。此外，他们的客户并不关心他们的“非法”身份。因此，本文认为，对于合法/非法没有统一的规范，执法不平衡，司机的操作区域是一个流动的区域。©2009作者期刊编辑©2009惠灵顿维多利亚大学。
This paper examines the informal transport sector within the smallholder oil palm economies of Kinabatangan and Lahad Datu areas of eastern Sabah by looking at the metaphoric border that is constructed between licit and illegal activities that take place on roads. It describes the work of two groups of drivers, namely, those who are themselves smallholders who provide a crucial service to the community in getting their fresh fruit bunches to mills on time; and the piret (pirate) taxis who transport passengers including foreign nationals, some of whom are illegal workers. Many have been driving for some time, thereby challenging the notion about off-farm work as providing a temporary safety net to smallholders. Drivers whose permits may be current may have used illegal means (such as meminggir - logging without licence), to accumulate the initial funds for acquiring their vehicles and necessary permits. Moreover, their clients are unconcerned about their 'illegal' status. Consequently, this paper maintains that there is no agreed-upon norms about legality/illegality, and law enforcement being uneven, the zone in which drivers operate is a fluid one. © 2009 The Author Journal compilation © 2009 Victoria University of Wellington.