Esophageal cancer among black men in Washington, D.C. I. Alcohol, tobacco, and other risk factors.
Esophageal cancer among black men in Washington, D.C. I. Alcohol, tobacco, and other risk factors.
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华盛顿特区黑人男性的食道癌。酒精、烟草和其他危险因素。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Fraumeni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Pottern;L. E. Morris;W. Blot;R. Ziegler;J. Fraumeni
一项病例对照研究包括对120名最近死于食管癌的黑人男性和250名年龄相仿的死于其他原因的黑人男性的近亲或密友的采访，旨在发现华盛顿，华盛顿特区这种癌症异常高的死亡率的原因。华盛顿，华盛顿特区年龄调整的年死亡率，1970- 1975年，非白人男性的死亡率为28.6/100，000，远远高于全国的12.4/100，000和该国其他大都市地区的死亡率。导致过量的主要因素是酒精饮料消费，估计81%的食管癌归因于其使用;在对照组中也发现了酒精饮料的高使用。与使用酒精饮料相关的食管癌相对危险度（RR）为6.4（95%置信区间=2.5，16.4）。RR随乙醇摄入量的增加而增加，在饮用烈性酒的人群中最高，尽管仅饮用葡萄酒和/或啤酒的人群中风险也有所升高。当排除吸烟相关死亡原因的对照组时，与吸烟相关的RR为1.9（1.0，3.5），但在调整乙醇消耗量后下降至1.5（0.7，3.0）。在a）新鲜或冷冻肉类和鱼类、水果和蔬菜以及乳制品和蛋类的消费量和B）相对重量（wt/ht 2）的低水平和高水平之间发现了大约两倍的显著差异。这些营养状况的一般措施的相反趋势不能用酒精饮料消费或教育水平衡量的社会经济地位来解释。
A case-control study involving interviews with the next of kin or close friends of 120 black males who recently died of esophageal cancer and 250 similarly aged black males who died of other causes was undertaken to discover reasons for the exceptionally high mortality from this cancer in Washington, D.C. The age-adjusted annual death rate in Washington, D.C., for nonwhite males, 1970-75, was 28.6/100,000, far higher than the national rate of 12.4/100,000 and the rates in other metropolitan areas of the country. The major factor responsible for the excess was alcoholic beverage consumption, with an estimated 81% of the esophageal cancers attributed to its use; high use of alcoholic beverages was also found among the controls. The relative risk (RR) of esophageal cancer associated with use of alcoholic beverages was 6.4 (95% confidence interval=2.5, 16.4). The RR increased with amount of ethanol consumed and was highest among drinkers of hard liquor, although the risk was also elevated among consumers of wine and/or beer only. The RR associated with cigarette smoking was 1.9 (1.0, 3.5) when controls with smoking-related causes of death were excluded but declined to 1.5 (0.7, 3.0) when adjusted for ethanol consumption. Significant differences of approximately twofold were found between low and high levels of a) consumption of fresh or frozen meat and fish, fruits and vegetables, and dairy products and eggs and b) relative weight (wt/ht2). The inverse trends with these general measures of nutritional status were not explained by alcoholic beverage consumption or socioeconomic status as measured by educational level.