Genetic evidence for a higher female migration rate in humans
Genetic evidence for a higher female migration rate in humans
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DOI：
10.1038/3088
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发表时间：
1998-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
30.8
通讯作者：
Cavalli-Sforza, LL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seielstad, MT;Minch, E;Cavalli-Sforza, LL
线粒体DNA和Y染色体已广泛用于现代人类起源和其他系统发育问题的研究，但不是在其性别特异性传播模式的背景下，线粒体DNA仅由女性传播，而Y染色体仅在男性中传播。因此，男性和女性生殖产出或迁移率的差异将影响 Y 染色体、常染色体和 mtDNA 上遗传多样性的地理模式和相对水平（参考文献 1）。我们发现 Y 染色体变异比 mtDNA 和常染色体的变异在地理上更趋于本地化 (2-5)。人群中 Y 染色体单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 的变异比例为 35.5%，而常染色体和 mtDNA 的变异比例为 80-85%（参考文献 6-8）。女性高于男性的迁移率（通过父权，即妻子迁入丈夫娘家的倾向）可以解释大部分差异，因为不同的 Y 染色体进入群体的速度低于线粒体 DNA 或常染色体。一夫多妻制也可能有所贡献，但我们测量的 Y 染色体相对于常染色体和线粒体 DNA 而言，种群内变异的减少幅度如此之大，以至于仅两性有效种群规模的差异不足以产生观察结果。
Mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome have been used extensively in the study of modern human origins and other phylogenetic questions, but not in the context of their sex-specific modes of transmission, mtDNA is transmitted exclusively by females, whereas the Y chromosome is passed only among males. As a result, differences in the reproductive output or migration rate of males and females will influence the geographic patterns and relative level of genetic diversity on the Y chromosome, autosomes and mtDNA (ref. 1). We have found that Y chromosome variants tend to be more localized geographically than those of mtDNA and the autosomes(2-5). The fraction of variation within human populations for Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is 35.5%, versus 80-85% for the autosomes and mtDNA (refs 6-8). A higher female than male migration rate (via patrilocality, the tendency for a wife to move into her husband's natal household) explains most of this discrepancy, because diverse Y chromosomes would enter a population at a lower rate than mtDNA or the autosomes. Polygyny may also contribute, but the reduction of variation within populations that we measure for the Y chromosome, relative to the autosomes and mitochondrial DNA, is of such magnitude that differences in the effective population sizes of the sexes alone are insufficient to produce the observation.