An Overview of NASA Space Cryocooler Programs—2006
An Overview of NASA Space Cryocooler Programs—2006
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发表时间：
2006-06
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通讯作者：
R. Ross;R. Boyle
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作者：
R. Ross;R. Boyle
机械低温冷却器代表了NASA地球和空间科学企业的一项重要技术。美国宇航局的许多空间仪器都需要低温制冷来提高动态范围，扩展波长覆盖范围，或者使用先进的探测器来观察从作物动态到恒星诞生的各种现象。反映了在这些温度下技术的相对成熟，在过去的15年中，冷却器的最大使用是在中高温（55至150 K）下运行的仪器。对于未来，重要的新发展集中在6到20 K的较低温度范围内，以支持宇宙起源的研究和寻找遥远恒星周围的行星。美国宇航局为欧洲普朗克航天器开发的20 K低温冷却器和为詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）上的MIRI仪器开发的6 K低温冷却器是为这类未来任务提供低温冷却的推力的例子。近期地球和空间科学任务中的冷却器
Mechanical cryocoolers represent a significant enabling technology for NASA’s Earth and Space Science Enterprises. Many of NASA's space instruments require cryogenic refrigeration to improve dynamic range, extend wavelength coverage, or enable the use of advanced detectors to observe a wide range of phenomena—from crop dynamics to stellar birth. Reflecting the relative maturity of the technology at these temperatures, the largest utilization of coolers over the last fifteen years has been for instruments operating at medium to high cryogenic temperatures (55 to 150¶K). For the future, important new developments are focusing on the lower temperature range, from 6 to 20¶K, in support of studies of the origin of the Universe and the search for planets around distant stars. NASA’s development of a 20¶K cryocooler for the European Planck spacecraft and a 6¶K cryocooler for the MIRI instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are examples of the thrust to provide low-temperature cooling for this class of future missions. COOLERS ON NEAR-TERM EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE MISSIONS