Two distinct origins of long-term learning effects in verbal short-term memory
Two distinct origins of long-term learning effects in verbal short-term memory
复制标题
言语短期记忆中长期学习效应的两个不同起源
DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2011.07.006
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Majerus S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Majerus S
言语短时记忆（STM）对学习效果高度敏感：数字序列或非单词序列，通过重复暴露变得更熟悉，回忆起来更准确。在这项研究中，我们表明，升华水平，附带学习的项目共现词影响立即系列回忆的单词和非单词，但不是数字。相比之下，列表级组块学习影响数字的连续回忆。在第一系列的实验中，参与者听到一个连续的数字序列，其中数字的共同出现是由人工语法控制的。在随后的短时记忆测试中，参与者根据人工语法的规则回忆起法律的或非法的列表。没有观察到法律的名单比非法名单更有优势。第二个系列的实验使用相同的附带学习程序与非字或非数字字。观察到法律的与非法列表召回相比的优势。最后一个实验使用了一个附带的学习任务，重复整个数字列表，这导致了一个实质性的回忆优势，法律的与非法的数字列表。这些数据表明，序列回忆的非数字词的支持升华水平的概率知识，而序列回忆的数字只支持附带学习的整个列表。
Verbal short-term memory (STM) is highly sensitive to learning effects: digit sequences or nonword sequences which have been rendered more familiar via repeated exposure are recalled more accurately. In this study we show that sublist-level, incidental learning of item co-occurrence regularities affects immediate serial recall of words and nonwords, but not digits. In contrast, list-level chunk learning affects serial recall of digits. In a first series of experiments, participants heard a continuous sequence of digits in which the co-occurrence of digits was governed by an artificial grammar. In a subsequent STM test participants recalled lists that were legal or illegal according to the rules of the artificial grammar. No advantage for legal lists over illegal lists was observed. A second series of experiments used the same incidental learning procedure with nonwords or non-digit words. An advantage for legal versus illegal list recall was observed. A final experiment used an incidental learning task repeating whole lists of digits; this led to a substantial recall advantage for legal versus illegal digit lists. These data show that serial recall of non-digit words is supported by sublist-level probabilistic knowledge, whereas serial recall of digits is only supported by incidental learning of whole lists.