Double-stranded DNA virioplankton dynamics and reproductive strategies in the oligotrophic open ocean water column
Double-stranded DNA virioplankton dynamics and reproductive strategies in the oligotrophic open ocean water column
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-020-0604-8
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发表时间：
2020-02-14
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
DeLong, Edward F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luo, Elaine;Eppley, John M.;DeLong, Edward F.
微生物群落是开放海洋生态系统动力学和生物地球化学循环的关键。病毒是这些群落的基本元素，影响细胞宿主的生产力、多样性和进化。为了进一步探索开放海洋病毒的自然历史和生态，我们调查了北太平洋副热带环流（地球上最大的生物群落之一）浮游生物和细菌浮游生物中双链DNA （dsDNA）病毒的时空动态。病毒基因组的组装和聚类结果显示，在泛光带的底部浮游生物多样性达到峰值，在那里病毒种群和宿主物种丰富度都达到最大值。细胞外和细胞内病毒的同时表征表明了深度特异性生殖策略。特别是，分析表明，混合层的溶解相互作用增加，在光带底部的温带噬菌体相互作用更具时变性，中远洋的溶解作用增加。此外，辅助代谢基因的深度变异表明，在宿主感染过程中，病毒对光能、氮和磷获取的影响具有生境特异性。大多数病毒种群在95%核酸同一性水平的环境中暂时持续数年。总的来说，我们的分析揭示了开放海水中病毒种群的不同分布模式和不同的生殖和代谢策略。
Microbial communities are critical to ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical cycling in the open oceans. Viruses are essential elements of these communities, influencing the productivity, diversity, and evolution of cellular hosts. To further explore the natural history and ecology of open-ocean viruses, we surveyed the spatiotemporal dynamics of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses in both virioplankton and bacterioplankton size fractions in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, one of the largest biomes on the planet. Assembly and clustering of viral genomes revealed a peak in virioplankton diversity at the base of the euphotic zone, where virus populations and host species richness both reached their maxima. Simultaneous characterization of both extracellular and intracellular viruses suggested depth-specific reproductive strategies. In particular, analyses indicated elevated lytic interactions in the mixed layer, more temporally variable temperate phage interactions at the base of the euphotic zone, and increased lysogeny in the mesopelagic ocean. Furthermore, the depth variability of auxiliary metabolic genes suggested habitat-specific strategies for viral influence on light-energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus acquisition during host infection. Most virus populations were temporally persistent over several years in this environment at the 95% nucleic acid identity level. In total, our analyses revealed variable distributional patterns and diverse reproductive and metabolic strategies of virus populations in the open-ocean water column.