Interactions between above- and belowground insect herbivores as mediated by the plant defense system
Interactions between above- and belowground insect herbivores as mediated by the plant defense system
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DOI：
10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12424.x
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Wäckers, FL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bezemer, TM;Wagenaar, R;Wäckers, FL
植物经常受到地上和地下食草节肢动物的攻击。然而，研究很少考虑根和芽草食动物的联合。在这里，我们提供的证据表明，根食昆虫Agriotes lineatus降低了棉花植物上的叶食昆虫甜菜夜蛾的性能。在生物测定中，S.甜菜幼虫可以在未受损的植物上，或者在先前暴露于根食草动物、叶食草动物或两者的组合的植物上进食。以往的根食动物降低了相对生长率以及食物消耗。甜菜夜蛾的幼虫比未受损的对照幼虫减少50%以上。我们没有发现相反方向的影响，如地上草食性的S。甜菜根对根食A的相对生长率没有影响。线状的值得注意的是，叶面取食处理也没有影响的食物消费和相对生长率的S。甜菜碱在生物测定中。然而，这种处理确实导致了S分布的显著变化。甜菜喂养。植物已预先暴露于叶面食草动物遭受显着减少损害他们的年轻终端叶。虽然植物生长和叶面氮水平不受任何治疗的影响，我们确实发现治疗之间的显着差异，植物防御化学物质（萜类化合物）的水平和分布。暴露于根食草动物导致在两个根以及在成熟和未成熟的叶子中的萜类化合物水平的增加。另一方面，叶片损伤导致仅在幼叶、顶叶中的高萜类化合物水平。我们的研究结果表明，食根的食草动物可能会改变植物地上防御的水平和分布。我们的数据表明，地下和地上昆虫植食动物之间的相互作用介导的诱导植物次生化学的变化。
Plants are frequently attacked by both above- and belowground arthropod herbivores. Nevertheless, studies rarely consider root and shoot herbivory in conjunction. Here we provide evidence that the root-feeding insect Agriotes lineatus reduces the performance of the foliage feeding insect Spodoptera exigua on cotton plants. In a bioassay, S. exigua larvae were allowed to feed on either undamaged plants, or on plants that had previously been exposed to root herbivory, foliar herbivory, or a combination of both. Previous root herbivory reduced the relative growth rates as well as the food consumption of S. exigua by more than 50% in comparison to larvae feeding on the undamaged controls. We found no effects in the opposite direction, as aboveground herbivory by S. exigua did not affect the relative growth rates of root-feeding A. lineatus. Remarkably, neither did the treatment with foliar herbivory affect the food consumption and relative growth rate of S. exigua in the bioassay. However, this treatment did result in a significant change in the distribution of S. exigua feeding. Plants that had been pre-exposed to foliar herbivory suffered significantly less damage on their young terminal leaves. While plant growth and foliar nitrogen levels were not affected by any of the treatments, we did find significant differences between treatments with respect to the level and distribution of plant defensive chemicals (terpenoids). Exposure to root herbivores resulted in an increase in terpenoid levels in both roots as well as in mature and immature foliage. Foliar damage, on the other hand, resulted in high terpenoid levels in young, terminal leaves only. Our results show that root-feeding herbivores may change the level and distribution of plant defenses aboveground. Our data suggest that the reported interactions between below- and aboveground insect herbivores are mediated by induced changes in plant secondary chemistry.