Insect Galls
Insect Galls
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虫瘿
作者：
M. T. Cook
有真正解决问题的化学方法表面张力在细胞生命力学中的重要性已经得到强调，吸附现象最近在我们考虑半渗透性、选择性吸收等方面变得重要，还必须要求他们解释土壤和植物之间的许多关系。研究原生质结构、核膜、染色体、原纤维等的学者，也许比他所知道的更熟悉胶体的凝结和吸附;他的杀死和固定是前者的例子，而整个染色过程显然取决于凝结的原生质团的不同部分所表现出的不同吸附能力。在原生质乳状液中通常观察到的所谓布朗运动和其他运动现象，也同样属于毛细管化学。如果酶的作用要得到一个解释，它也应该来自这个领域。有了这本书和它所代表的领域，一旦普遍使用，似乎生理学研究应该得到一个非常大的推动沿着正是那些路线，它现在动摇最多。一个有想象力的人，如果他认识到物理化学的这个分支和其他分支的问题和目前的迅速发展，就不应该有太多的理由彻底丧失信心，以至于需要那些“entelechies”和其他dei ex机器的帮助，“新活力论”似乎有点使生物哲学负担过重。在目前对毛细管化学的论述中，作者从表面张力和毛细现象等较简单的现象出发，讨论了性质较复杂的问题，如吸附、胶体溶液、悬浮液、乳状液、催化等。每一节都是简短的，清楚的，直接到手头的点;实验证据是突出的，而不是理论推导，虽然后者并不希望;和众多的脚注定向读者在分散的文献的主题。作者和主题之一的索引提高了工作的价值。B。E.利文斯顿。
has the chemistry of true solutions. The importance of surface tension in the mechanics of cell life has been emphasized, adsorption phenomena have recently become important in our consideration of semipermeability, selective absorption, etc., they must also be called upon to explain many of the relations between soil and plant. The student of protoplasmic structures, nuclear membranes, chromosomes, fibrillae, and the rest, is perhaps more familiar with coagulation of colloids and adsorption than he knows; his killing and fixing are examples of the former, while the whole process of staining apparently depends upon the different adsorptive powers exhibited by various portions of the coagulated protoplasmic mass. The so-called Brownian movement and the other phenomena of motion usually observed in the protoplasmic emulsion are likewise to be classed under capillary chemistry. If enzyme action is to receive an explanation, it bids fair to come also from this realm. With this book and the field that it represents once in general use, it would seem that physiological research should receive a very great impetus along just those lines where it now wavers most. One of imagination, who appreciates the problems and present rapid advance of this and other branches of physical chemistry, should have little cause so thoroughly to lose heart as to need the aid of those "entelechies" and other dei ex machine with which the "neo-vitalism" seems to be somewhat overburdening biological philosophy. In the present exposition of capillary chemistry the author proceeds from the simpler phenomena of surface tension and capillarity to subjects of more complex nature, such as adsorption, colloidal solutions, suspensions, emulsions, catalysis, and the like. Every section is brief, clear, and directly to the point in hand; experimental evidence is given prominence rather than theoretical deductions, though the latter are not wanting; and numerous footnotes orient the reader in the scattered literature of the subject. An index of authors and one of subjects enhances the value of the work.-B. E. LIVINGSTON.