Individual and Coupled Effects of Echinoderm Extracts and Surface Hydrophobicity on Spore Settlement and Germination in the Brown Alga Hincksia irregularis
Individual and Coupled Effects of Echinoderm Extracts and Surface Hydrophobicity on Spore Settlement and Germination in the Brown Alga Hincksia irregularis
复制标题
棘皮动物提取物和表面疏水性对褐藻不规则辛克西亚孢子沉降和萌发的单独和耦合影响
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Amsler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Greer;K. Iken;J. McClintock;C. Amsler
海洋基质具有影响污垢生物行为的线索。理论上，污染藻类游动孢子对表面的初始粘附主要取决于基质和孢子细胞体以及鞭毛膜之间的相互作用。为了确定影响孢子沉降和早期发育的线索和表面特征，单独和串联地检查了生物活性棘皮动物提取物、表面电荷和表面疏水性对不规则辛克西亚游动孢子沉降和萌发的影响。使用 96 孔塑料培养板的实验证实，孢子沉降和萌发受到表面电荷和疏水性以及棘皮动物代谢物的显着影响，无论是单独的还是串联的。在黑暗中 30 分钟内，疏水表面上的孢子沉降率比带正电和负电表面的孢子沉降率高 400% 以上。当孢子在光照下沉降 30 分钟并且沉降的孢子随后发芽 24 小时时，疏水表面上的孢子萌发数量比带正电和负电表面高 300% 以上。当相同数量的孢子完全在光下沉降并随后萌发 24 小时时，疏水表面上的孢子萌发数量始终比带正电和带负电的表面高 25% 以上。带正电的平板上的不规则哈氏菌芽管长度也明显长于带负电的平板。所有测试的棘皮动物提取物在低于估计生态浓度的水平下对发芽和沉降都有显着影响。短期（30 分钟）暴露和随后的发芽实验表明，较高浓度的提取物对藻类孢子具有快速的毒性作用。棘皮动物提取物和平板电荷对孢子沉降的同步效应差异很大，并且没有表现出强烈的剂量反应关系。孢子长期（24小时）暴露于棘皮动物提取物对萌发和孢子存活具有剂量依赖性影响。这项研究的结果表明，不规则孢子具有对其环境做出复杂反应的能力，利用表面电荷、表面能和生物化学的综合线索来确定在何处定居和发芽。这些反应可能有助于孢子检测海洋环境中适合定居的基质和条件。
Marine substrata possess cues that influence the behavior of fouling organisms. Initial adhesion of fouling algal zoospores to surfaces is also theorized to depend primarily upon interactions between substrata and spore cell bodies and flagellar membranes. In an effort to identify cues and surface characteristics that influence spore settlement and early development, the effects of bioactive echinoderm extracts, surface charge, and surface hydrophobicity were examined individually and in tandem on zoospore settlement and germination in Hincksia irregularis. Experiments utilizing 96-well plastic culture plates confirmed that spore settlement and germination were significantly affected by surface charge and hydrophobicity as well as by echinoderm metabolites, both individually and in tandem. Spore settlement rates in the dark over 30 min were > 400% higher on hydrophobic surfaces than on positively and negatively charged surfaces. Spore germling numbers were > 300% higher on hydrophobic surfaces than on positively and negatively charged surfaces when spores were allowed to settle in the light for 30 min and the settled spores allowed to subsequently germinate for 24 h. Spore germling numbers were consistently > 25% higher on hydrophobic surfaces than on positively and negatively charged surfaces when equal numbers of spores were allowed to completely settle in the light and subsequently germinate for 24 h. H. irregularis germ tube lengths were also significantly longer on positively charged plates than on negatively charged plates. All echinoderm extracts tested had significant effects on germination and settlement at levels below those of estimated ecological concentrations. Short-term (30 min) exposure and subsequent germination experiments indicated that higher concentrations of extracts had rapid toxic effects on algal spores. Synchronous effects of echinoderm extracts and plate charge upon spore settlement varied considerably and did not show a strong dose response relationship. Long-term (24 h) exposure of spores to echinoderm extracts had dosage dependent effects on germination and spore survival. The results of this study indicate that H. irregularis spores possess the capacity for complex responses to their environment, utilizing combined cues of surface charge, surface energy and biochemistry to determine where to settle and germinate. These responses may aid spores in the detection of suitable substrata and conditions for settlement in the marine environment.