Partial substitution of fish meal and full‐fat soya bean meal with wheat gluten and influence of lysine supplementation in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)
Partial substitution of fish meal and full‐fat soya bean meal with wheat gluten and influence of lysine supplementation in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)
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用小麦面筋部分替代鱼粉和全脂豆粉以及添加赖氨酸对虹鳟鱼、Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) 日粮的影响
DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2109.1997.t01-1-00861.x
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
R. Baker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Davies;P. C. Morris;R. Baker
进行了一项为期 65 天的研究，以评估添加赖氨酸的小麦麸质粉作为虹鳟鱼 Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) 蛋白质来源的用途。将喂食小麦麸质的鳟鱼的性能与主要使用鱼粉和全脂大豆粉提供蛋白质的鳟鱼的性能进行比较。配制了六种等氮日粮（约45%粗蛋白）。因此，参考日粮（FS）以鱼粉和全脂豆粉为基础，而另外五种日粮则采用小麦面筋和小麦中粉的混合物配制，分别用于等氮替代约 75% 和 57% 的全脂大豆和鱼粉。然后将占完整饮食的0.00%、0.29%、0.58%、0.87%和1.16%的结晶L-赖氨酸添加到基于小麦麸质的饮食中。饲喂以小麦麸质为基础的饲料并补充赖氨酸 (0.58%) 的鱼，可实现增重和表观净蛋白质利用率方面的最佳性能，可消化的赖氨酸水平为全饲料的 1.9%。在提供的补充剂范围内，赖氨酸的消化率很高。然而，在补充赖氨酸的最高水平时，摄取和补充水平之间的关系不是线性的。此外，精氨酸消化率不受赖氨酸补充水平的影响。然而，在以小麦麸质为基础的饮食中，最佳性能与赖氨酸：精氨酸的比例为 1.1:1 相关。
尽管赖氨酸：精氨酸的比例约为 1.1:1，但以鱼粉大豆为基础的参考饲料喂养的鱼的整体性能仍低于预期。讨论了总氨基酸和可消化氨基酸的最佳模式、赖氨酸-精氨酸拮抗作用以及抗营养因子与以鱼粉大豆为基础的参考日粮喂养的鱼的不良性能之间可能存在的关系。
A 65-day study was undertaken to evaluate the utilization of lysine-supplemented wheat gluten meal as a protein source for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The performance of the trout fed wheat gluten was compared to that of trout where protein was principally supplied using fish meal and full-fat soyabean meal. Six isonitrogenous diets (approximately 45% crude protein) were formulated. Thus, the reference diet (FS) was based on fish meal and full-fat soya bean meal while a further five diets were formulated with a mixture of wheat gluten and wheat middlings used to isonitrogenously replace approximately 75% and 57% of the full-fat soya and fish meal respectively. Crystalline l-lysine representing 0.00%, 0.29%, 0.58%, 0.87% and 1.16% of the complete diet was then added to the wheat-gluten-based diets. Optimal performance in terms of weight gain and apparent net protein utilization was achieved by the fish fed a wheat-gluten-based diet supplemented with lysine (0.58%) yielding a digestible lysine level of 1.9% of the complete feed. Within the range of supplements provided, lysine digestibility was high. However, at the highest levels of supplemental lysine the relationship between uptake and supplement level was not linear. Additionally, arginine digestibility was not affected by the level of lysine supplementation. However, amongst the wheat-gluten-based diets, optimal performance was associated with a lysine: arginine ratio of 1.1: 1.
Despite a lysine: arginine ratio of approximately 1.1: 1, the overall performance of the fish fed the fish-meal-soya-based reference diet was poorer than expected. The results are discussed with respect to optimal patterns of gross and digestible amino acids, lysine-arginine antagonism and the possible relationship between antinutritional factors and the poor performance of the fish fed the fish-meal-soya-based reference diet.