The Effect of Ethylene on the Color Change and Resistance to Botrytis cinerea Infection in 'Kyoho' Grape Fruits
The Effect of Ethylene on the Color Change and Resistance to Botrytis cinerea Infection in 'Kyoho' Grape Fruits
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乙烯对巨峰葡萄果实颜色变化和灰霉病抗性的影响
DOI：
10.3390/foods9070892
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Fang, Jinggui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dong, Tianyu;Zheng, Ting;Fang, Jinggui
葡萄品质的形成和对外来病原菌的抗性机制影响着果实采后处理的贮藏稳定性。乙烯在果实成熟过程中起着重要的调节作用，可以作为外源调节剂来抵抗外源病原菌。采用不同浓度的乙烯利处理葡萄果实，分析果实发育过程中花青苷含量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、硬度及细胞壁代谢相关酶的变化。结果表明，外源乙烯利处理促进了葡萄果实的早期着色，增加了着色相关基因MYBA 1、MYBA 2、查耳酮异构酶（CHI）、黄烷酮3-羟化酶（F3 H）、类黄酮3 '-羟化酶（F3' H）、类黄酮3 '，5'羟化酶（F3 '5'H）、3-O-类黄酮葡萄糖基转移酶（UFGT）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的表达，软化相关基因多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、果胶酸裂解酶（PL）和果胶甲酯酶（PME），以及乙烯代谢途径相关基因1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸合酶1（ACS 1）、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸氧化酶2（ACO 2）、乙烯受体基因（ETR 2）和乙烯不敏感基因3（EIN 3）。乙烯利处理也增加了葡萄果实的可溶性固形物含量，降低了可滴定酸含量。用乙烯利处理葡萄果实，接种灰葡萄孢菌，通过激活抗氧化系统，使葡萄产生抗病性。乙烯利预处理后，抗病相关基因VvPAD 4、VvPIP 1、VvNAC 26、VvDREB、VvAPX、Vvpgip、VvWRKY 70、VvMYC 2、VvNPR 1的表达量也有所增加。此外，我们还检测了乙烯反应因子1（ERF 1）转录因子，该转录因子在乙烯信号转导过程中与EIN 3蛋白相互作用，介导了果实对B的抗性。灰霉病同时，VvERF 1载体在草莓果实中的过表达降低了草莓对B的敏感性。灰霉病我们认为乙烯可以诱导B处理后成熟果实的抗性。灰霉病感染并提供充分的采后护理。
The formation of grape quality and the mechanism of resistance against foreign pathogens affect the storage stability of fruits during post-harvest handling. Ethylene plays a crucial role in regulating the ripeness of fruits and can be used as an exogenous regulator to resist exogenous pathogens. In this study, we used different concentrations of ethephon for treatment of grape fruits before veraison, analyzed the anthocyanin content, soluble solids, titratable acid, and determined fruit firmness and cell wall metabolism-related enzymes during fruit development. Results showed that exogenous ethephon promoted the early coloration of grape fruits and increased the coloring-related genes myeloblastosis A1(MYBA1), myeloblastosis A2(MYBA2), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase gene (F3’H), flavonoid 3’, 5’hydroxylase (F3’5’H), 3-O-flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), softening related genes Polygalacturonase(PG), pectinate lyases(PL) and Pectin methylesterase( PME, as well as ethylene metabolism pathway-related genes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase 1(ACS1), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 2 (ACO2), ethylene receptor gene(ETR2), and ethylene-insensitive 3 (EIN3). Ethephon treatment also increased soluble solids and decreased titratable acid in grape fruit. Fruits pretreated with ethephon were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea, which led to resistance in grape fruit through activation of the antioxidant system. The expression levels of disease resistance-related genes including VvPAD4, VvPIP1, VvNAC26, VvDREB, VvAPX, Vvpgip, VvWRKY70, VvMYC2, VvNPR1 also increased in inoculated fruit with pathogen following ethephon pretreatment. Furthermore, we monitored ethylene response factor 1(ERF1) transcription factor, which could interact with protein EIN3 during ethylene signal transduction and mediate fruit resistance against B. cinerea infection. Meanwhile, overexpression of VvERF1 vectorin strawberry fruits reduced the susceptibility to B. cinerea infection. We suggest that ethylene can induce resistance in ripened fruits after B. cinerea infection and provide adequate postharvest care.