Body weight and subcutaneous fat patterning in elite judokas
Body weight and subcutaneous fat patterning in elite judokas
复制标题
精英柔道运动员的体重和皮下脂肪模式
DOI：
10.1111/sms.13508
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Alfred Führhapter‐Rieger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Sengeis;W. Müller;Paul Störchle;Alfred Führhapter‐Rieger
体重和脂肪是许多运动项目中的主要表现变量。极端的减肥可能会导致严重的医疗问题。准确的身体成分测量是医疗和性能优化的基础。测定体重指数(MI1=0.53M/(Hs))和体重指数(BMI=M/H2)的相对体重(h：身高，S：坐高，M：体质量)。皮下脂肪组织(SAT)的测量使用最近标准化的超声(US)方法。对26名不同体重等级的女性柔道运动员和35名男性柔道运动员进行了8个部位的超声厚度测量。对比美国和斯金福的结果表明，后者在竞技柔道中可能具有严重的误导性。平均体重指数女性为22.8 kg m−2(体重指数：22.9 kg m−2)，男性为26.7 kg m−2(体重指数：26.5 kg m−2)，但个体差异大于0.5 kg m−2者13例，大于1.0 kg m−2者3例。女性的SAT厚度和DI的中位数(66.1 mm)是男性(21.8 mm)的3倍，并且脂肪图案有显著差异。女性有8.6%(中位数)的纤维结构嵌入SAT，男性有20.2%。MI和BMI与SAT无相关性。赛前体重平均下降4.3%(即3.0公斤)，最大为9.2%(7.4公斤)，表明迫切需要修改称重程序。DI值反映了运动员通过脱水减少压舱物脂肪的潜力，而不是短期体重减轻；然而，在比赛前几周测量的体重减轻和SAT并不相关。此外，需要美国测量和医学纵向观察来讨论巨大的个体差异和可能的脂肪最低需要量。
Body weight and fat are major performance variables in many sports. Extreme weight reduction can lead to severe medical problems. Accurate body composition measurements are fundamental for both medical and performance optimization. Relative body weight in terms of mass index (MI1 = 0.53 M/(hs)), and in terms of body mass index (BMI = M/h2) were determined (h:stature, s:sitting height, M:body mass). Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was measured using a recently standardized ultrasound (US) method. US thickness sums from eight body sites were measured in 26 female and 35 male judokas of various weight classes. Comparisons of US and skinfold results indicate that the latter can be severely misleading in competitive judokas. Mean MI1 of females was 22.8 kg m−2 (BMI:22.9 kg m−2), males: 26.7 kg m−2 (BMI:26.5 kg m−2), but individual differences MI1‐BMI were larger than 0.5 kg m−2 in 13 and larger than 1.0 kg m−2 in three cases. Medians of SAT thickness sums DI were three‐times higher in females (66.1 mm) than in males (21.8 mm), and the fat patterning differed significantly. Females had 8.6% (median) fibrous structures embedded in SAT, and males 20.2%. Both MI and BMI were not correlated with SAT. Mean pre‐competition weight loss was 4.3% (ie, 3.0 kg), and maximum was 9.2% (7.4 kg), indicating that modifications of weigh‐in procedures are urgently needed. DI‐values mirror the athletes' potential to reduce ballast fat instead of short‐term weight reduction by dehydration; however, weight loss and SAT measured some weeks before the competitions were not correlated. Further, US measurements and medical longitudinal observations are required for discussing the large individual variations and possible fat minimum demands.