Specific Kinematics and Motor-Related Neurons for Aversive Chemotaxis in Drosophila
Specific Kinematics and Motor-Related Neurons for Aversive Chemotaxis in Drosophila
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.008
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发表时间：
2013-07-08
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Luo, Liqun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao, Xiaojing J.;Potter, Christopher J.;Luo, Liqun
背景：趋化性是根据环境中的化学信号指导运动的能力，对于大多数生物体的生存很重要。醋蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）表现出强烈的嗅觉厌恶和吸引力，但这些行为是如何通过运动变化来执行的仍然知之甚少。特别是，尚不清楚厌恶和吸引是否双向调节共享电路或招募不同的电路来执行。结果：使用定量行为分析，我们确定厌恶和吸引气味剂都调节转弯的启动和方向，但显示出不同的运动学。利用遗传工具扰乱这些行为，我们确定了厌恶所需的特定神经元群体，但吸引所需的神经元则不然。这些细胞群的失活影响厌恶转变的完成，但不影响其开始。相同细胞群的光遗传学激活引发了类似于厌恶转向的运动模式。椭球体和腹神经索（两个参与运动控制的区域）的扰动导致厌恶缺陷。结论：醋蝇的厌恶趋化性触发了与吸引趋化性不同的行为学上适当的运动学，并且需要特定的运动相关神经元。
Background: Chemotaxis, the ability to direct movements according to chemical cues in the environment, is important for the survival of most organisms. The vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, displays robust olfactory aversion and attraction, but how these behaviors are executed via changes in locomotion remains poorly understood. In particular, it is not clear whether aversion and attraction bidirectionally modulate a shared circuit or recruit distinct circuits for execution.Results: Using a quantitative behavioral assay, we determined that both aversive and attractive odorants modulate the initiation and direction of turns but display distinct kinematics. Using genetic tools to perturb these behaviors, we identified specific populations of neurons required for aversion, but not for attraction. Inactivation of these populations of cells affected the completion of aversive turns, but not their initiation. Optogenetic activation of the same populations of cells triggered a locomotion pattern resembling aversive turns. Perturbations in both the ellipsoid body and the ventral nerve cord, two regions involved in motor control, resulted in defects in aversion.Conclusions: Aversive chemotaxis in vinegar flies triggers ethologically appropriate kinematics distinct from those of attractive chemotaxis and requires specific motor-related neurons.