Perceptions of climate change, multiple stressors and livelihoods on marginal African coasts
Perceptions of climate change, multiple stressors and livelihoods on marginal African coasts
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DOI：
10.1007/s10668-009-9203-6
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Brown, Katrina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bunce, Matthew;Rosendo, Sergio;Brown, Katrina
对非洲多重压力源的研究往往集中在脆弱的内陆社区。世界上越来越多的穷人生活在沿海城乡地区，直接依赖海洋和陆地生态系统的商品和服务。利用参与性方法，我们了解了东非沿海社区(坦桑尼亚的姆特瓦拉和莫桑比克的马普托)的压力源及其来源、影响和后果。受访者了解的时间表表明，战争、经济政策和自然增长导致了边缘、以前很少有人居住的低地沿海地区依赖自然资源的人口。受访者(n=91)在访谈和焦点小组中，在对生计和福祉有负面影响的人/自然应激源(例如，包括食品和燃料价格在内的跨等级生活成本上涨)中，将气候应激源(气温上升/不稳定的降雨)排名最高。压力和影响的来源在时间和空间上混合在一起，使因果链的客观识别复杂化。其中一些似乎是沿海地区特有的。受访者报告称，农场倒闭，对紧张的海洋资源、粮食和燃料价格以及相关对贸易商和信贷的依赖程度因全球市场负面趋势而缩水。以旅游和保护项目为幌子的发展限制了农村-城市地区获得海陆生计和资源的机会(沿海挤压)。心理模型澄清了资源用户对从地方到国际的复杂联系的看法。我们强调边缘沿海地区的穷人面临双重或多重压力的风险，气候变异性表明气候变化的风险。
Studies of multiple stressors in Africa often focus on vulnerable inland communities. Rising concentrations of the world's poor live in coastal rural-urban areas with direct dependencies on marine as well as terrestrial ecosystem goods and services. Using participatory methods we elicited perceptions of stressors and their sources, impacts and consequences held by coastal communities in eastern Africa (Mtwara in Tanzania and Maputo in Mozambique). Respondent-informed timelines suggest wars, economic policies and natural increase have led to natural resource-dependent populations in marginal, previously little-inhabited lowland coastal areas. Respondents (n = 91) in interviews and focus groups rank climate stressors (temperature rise/erratic rain) highest amongst human/natural stressors having negative impacts on livelihoods and wellbeing (e.g., cross-scale cost of living increases including food and fuel prices). Sources of stress and impacts were mixed in time and space, complicating objective identification of causal chains. Some appeared to be specific to coastal areas. Respondents reported farms failing and rising dependence on stressed marine resources, food and fuel prices and related dependence on traders and credit shrunk by negative global market trends. Development in the guise of tourism and conservation projects limited access to land-sea livelihoods and resources in rural-urban areas (coastal squeeze). Mental modelling clarified resource user perceptions of complex linkages from local to international levels. We underline risks of the poor in marginal coastal areas facing double or multiple exposures to multiple stressors, with climate variability suggesting the risks of climate change.