Systematics of the spider genus Neoleptoneta Brignoli, 1972 (Araneae : Leptonetidae) with a discussion of the morphology and relationships for the North American Leptonetidae
Systematics of the spider genus Neoleptoneta Brignoli, 1972 (Araneae : Leptonetidae) with a discussion of the morphology and relationships for the North American Leptonetidae
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DOI：
10.1071/is11014
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Griswold, Charles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ledford, Joel;Paquin, Pierre;Griswold, Charles
基于线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I、核组蛋白H3和核28 S rDNA三个基因的分子序列变异，对新轻子蛛属（Neoleptoneta Brignoli）进行了系统发育分析，其中包括除无纹原轻子蛛Darkoneta外的所有北美轻子蛛属的样本。使用贝叶斯，最大似然法和简约法的串联数据和独立基因的分析未能恢复新轻纺单系。Archoleptoneta、Appaleptoneta和Calileptoneta属是单系的，Appaleptoneta和Calileptoneta之间支持姐妹群关系。形态数据的基础上的调查leptonetid属使用扫描电子显微镜和复合光显微镜进行了讨论和跟踪的分子生物学。提供了每一个北美的leptonoptera属的图像，包括与亚洲和欧洲外类群的比较。提供了不确定的sedis种Leptoneta brunnea Gertsch，1974和Leptoneta sandra Gertsch，1974的图像，并重新评估了它们的属位。祖先状态重建用于评估洞穴进化的模式，并表明大多数物种都是穴居祖先的后裔，并且穴居动物在北美Leptonetidae中至少独立进化了九次。新薄壳类包括仅限于墨西哥中部的七种，包括新薄壳类N。bonita（Gertsch，1974），N. capilla（Gertsch，1971），N. delicata（Gertsch，1971），N. limpida（Gertsch，1974），N. rainesi（Gertsch，1971）和N. reclusa（Gertsch，1971），并包括棕细蛛（Leptoneta brunnea），给出新组合N. brunnea（Gertsch，1974）.新薄壳亚目中所描述的其余种被归为三个新属：（1）Chisoneta，gen. nov.，产于德克萨斯州西南部和墨西哥的新莱昂，包括C. chisosea（Gertsch，1974），C. isolata（Gertsch，1971），C. modica（Gertsch，1974）和C. pecki（Gertsch，1971），新组合;（2）Ozarkia，新属，分布于亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州东北部至阿肯色州、亚拉巴马和格鲁吉亚，包括9个种O.亚拉巴马（Gertsch，1974），O. apachea（Gertsch，1974），O. archeri（Gertsch，1974），O. arkansa（Gertsch，1974），O. blanda（Gertsch，1974），O.格鲁吉亚（Gertsch，1974），O. ivei（Gertsch，1974），O. novaegalleciae（Brignoli，1979）和O. serena（Gertsch，1974），新组合;（3）Tayshaneta，gen. nov. anopica（Gertsch，1974），T. bullis（Cokendolpher，2004），T. coeca（Chamberlin & Ivie，1942），T. concinna（Gertsch，1974），T. devia（Gertsch，1974），T. furtiva（Gertsch，1974），T. microps（Gertsch，1974），T. myopica（Gertsch，1974），T. paraconcinna（Cokendolpher & Reddell，2001），T. uvaldea（Gertsch，1974）和T. valverdae（Gertsch，1974），新组合。Leptoneta sandra Gertsch，1974不能归入任何北美、欧洲或亚洲属，因此被转移到新属Montanineta，gen. nov.，新组合Montanineta sandra（Gertsch，1974）。
A phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Neoleptoneta Brignoli, 1972 is presented based on molecular sequence variation from three genes (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, nuclear histone H3 and nuclear 28S rDNA) and including exemplars for all North American leptonetid genera except the ecribellate archoleptonetine Darkoneta. Analysis of concatenated data and independent genes using Bayesian, maximum likelihood and parsimony methods failed to recover Neoleptoneta as monophyletic. The genera Archoleptoneta, Appaleptoneta and Calileptoneta are monophyletic and a sister group relationship is supported between Appaleptoneta and Calileptoneta. Morphological data based on a survey of leptonetid genera using scanning electron and compound light microscopy are discussed and traced on the molecular phylogeny. Images for each North American leptonetine genus are provided, including comparison with Asian and European outgroups. Images of the incertae sedis species Leptoneta brunnea Gertsch, 1974 and Leptoneta sandra Gertsch, 1974 are provided and their generic placement is re-evaluated. Ancestral state reconstruction is used to assess patterns of cave evolution and shows that most species are descended from troglophilic ancestors and that troglobites have evolved at least nine times independently within the North American Leptonetidae. Neoleptoneta is relimited to include seven species restricted to central Mexico including N. bonita (Gertsch, 1974), N. capilla (Gertsch, 1971), N. delicata (Gertsch, 1971), N. limpida (Gertsch, 1974), N. rainesi (Gertsch, 1971) and N. reclusa (Gertsch, 1971) and to include Leptoneta brunnea, giving the new combination N. brunnea (Gertsch, 1974). The remaining species described in Neoleptoneta are placed in three new genera: (1) Chisoneta, gen. nov. from south-western Texas and Nuevo Leon, Mexico, including the four species C. chisosea (Gertsch, 1974), C. isolata (Gertsch, 1971), C. modica (Gertsch, 1974) and C. pecki (Gertsch, 1971), new combinations; (2) Ozarkia, gen. nov. from Arizona and New Mexico north-east to Arkansas, Alabama and Georgia, including the nine species O. alabama (Gertsch, 1974), O. apachea (Gertsch, 1974), O. archeri (Gertsch, 1974), O. arkansa (Gertsch, 1974), O. blanda (Gertsch, 1974), O. georgia (Gertsch, 1974), O. ivei (Gertsch, 1974), O. novaegalleciae (Brignoli, 1979) and O. serena (Gertsch, 1974), new combinations; and (3) Tayshaneta, gen. nov. from Texas south to Coahuila, Mexico, with the eleven species T. anopica (Gertsch, 1974), T. bullis (Cokendolpher, 2004), T. coeca (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942), T. concinna (Gertsch, 1974), T. devia (Gertsch, 1974), T. furtiva (Gertsch, 1974), T. microps (Gertsch, 1974), T. myopica (Gertsch, 1974), T. paraconcinna (Cokendolpher & Reddell, 2001), T. uvaldea (Gertsch, 1974) and T. valverdae (Gertsch, 1974), new combinations. Leptoneta sandra Gertsch, 1974 cannot be placed in any North American, European or Asian genus and is thus transferred to the new genus Montanineta, gen. nov., giving the new combination Montanineta sandra (Gertsch, 1974).