On Lethal Mutations in Natural Populations.
On Lethal Mutations in Natural Populations.
复制标题
关于自然种群中的致命突变。
作者：
N. Dubinin
UBININ（1931）和DUBININ等人（1934）发现果蝇的自然种群中含有大量常染色体致死性杂合子。STURTEVANT （1937a）、DOBZHANSKY and QUEAL（1938）、BERG（1941）、OLENOV et al.（1939）、MURETOV（1939）、MAZING（1939）、GERSHENSON（1941）等人都证实了这一点。致命性的研究为群体遗传学提供了新的视角。对致命武器的检测既容易又准确；它们在人群中的发病率通常非常高；它们种类繁多，总共有数百种不同的基因；致命突变的总频率也非常高，在单倍体染色体组中每一代高达1%或更多。通过对致死率的调查，可以研究群体遗传学的基本因素：自然选择、突变压力和自动遗传过程（遗传漂变）所起的作用。从1937年开始，作者与V. N. BELIAEVA、S. J. GOLDAT、N. D. DUSEEVA、E. N. KOPYLOVA、V. V. MANSUROVA、K. A. PANINA、E. D. POSTNIKOVA（奥罗涅日国立大学）和V. V. KHVOSTOVA合作，进行了涉及数万个杂交的无数实验。本来文只报告所取得结果的一部分。该计划的完成将需要几年的进一步工作。
UBININ (1931) and DUBININ et al. (1934) found that natural populations of Drosophila contain tremendous proportions of autosomal lethal heterozygotes. This has been confirmed by STURTEVANT (1937a), DOBZHANSKY and QUEAL (1938), BERG (1941), OLENOV et al. (1939), MURETOV (1939), MAZING (1939), GERSHENSON (1941), and others. Studies of lethals offer new perspectives for population genetics. The detection of lethals is easy and accurate; their incidence in populations is frequently very high; their variety is tremendous, amounting to hundreds of different genes; the total frequency of lethal mutations is also very large, up to one per cent or more per generation in the halploid chromosome set. Through investigations of lethals it is possible to study the roles played by the basic factors of population genetics: natural selection, mutation pressure, and automatic genetic processes (genetic drift). Starting in 1937, the writer, in collaboration with V. N. BELIAEVA, S. J. GOLDAT, N. D. DUSEEVA, E. N. KOPYLOVA, V. V. MANSUROVA, K. A. PANINA, E. D. POSTNIKOVA ( oronezh State University), and V. V. KHVOSTOVA, has made numerous experiments involving tens of thousands of crosses. The present communication reports only a part of the results obtained. The completion of the program will require several years of further work.