Neurogenesis and hippocampal plasticity in adult brain.
Neurogenesis and hippocampal plasticity in adult brain.
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DOI：
10.1007/7854_2012_217
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ge, Shaoyu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gu, Yan;Janoschka, Stephen;Ge, Shaoyu
成人大脑的可塑性使终身学习成为可能。成人神经可塑性的基本机制是依赖活动对原有结构进行重组，而不是在发育过程中发生广泛的细胞增殖和迁移。而成年海马齿状回则在已有的整体和局部神经活动的调控下，不断产生大量神经元，新生神经元整合到已有的神经回路中，在成年大脑中显示出独特的细胞和突触灵活性。成年出生的海马神经元在成熟过程中表现出增强的结构和突触可塑性，可能代表着一个独特的海马区功能群体。目前的证据表明，终生增加新的海马神经元可能会将早期发育可塑性延长到成年，从而不断地使成年大脑恢复活力。我们回顾了在探索成年出生的海马神经元的电路和行为作用方面的最新进展。
Plasticity in the adult brain enables lifelong learning. The fundamental mechanism of adult neural plasticity is activity-dependent reorganization of pre-existing structure, in contrast to the widespread cellular proliferation and migration that occurs during development. Whereas adult hippocampal dentate gyrus continuously generates cohorts of neurons, and newborn neurons integrate into the existing neural circuit under the regulation of existing global and local neural activity, demonstrating a unique cellular and synaptic flexibility in adult brain. Exhibiting an enhanced structural and synaptic plasticity during the maturation, adult-born hippocampal neurons may represent a unique population for hippocampal function. Current evidence indicates that lifelong addition of new hippocampal neurons may extend early developmental plasticity to adulthood, which continuously rejuvenates adult brain. We reviewed most recent advancements in exploring the circuit and behavioral role of adult-born hippocampal neurons.