Characterizing cooling water source and usage patterns across US thermoelectric power plants: a comprehensive assessment of self-reported cooling water data
Characterizing cooling water source and usage patterns across US thermoelectric power plants: a comprehensive assessment of self-reported cooling water data
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/aa51d8
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Sanders, Kelly T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peer, Rebecca A. M.;Sanders, Kelly T.
本研究基于电厂运营商向能源情报署（EIA）报告的2014年数据，描述了美国各地热电厂的冷却水来源（按类型和质量）和冷却水使用率。特定冷却技术和水源用水量的地理空间分布证实了电力部门湿循环冷却系统、干冷却和再生水使用的趋势，特别是在水资源更紧张的地区。结果包括按燃料、原动机和冷却系统分类的672个独特发电厂的取水和耗水量数据库，将现有数据记录从以前的分析中扩展了一个数量级。虽然计算速率的中位数通常与大多数冷却技术文献中报告的值相当，但结果表明，具有独特位置或运行条件的发电厂的用水量可能无法准确地以平均值表征，特别是在一次性冷却设施的情况下。尽管之前对EIA冷却水数据提出了批评，但近年来，表格说明、报告方法和冷却系统定义的改进显著提高了冷却水数据记录的质量和可用性。
This study characterizes cooling water sources (by type and quality) and cooling water usage rates in thermoelectric power plants across the US based on data reported by power plant operators to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) for the year 2014. Geospatial distributions of water usage by specific cooling technologies and water sources confirm trends towards wet recirculating cooling systems, dry cooling and reclaimed water usage in the power sector, especially in more water constrained locations. Results include a database of water withdrawal and water consumption rates for 672 unique power plants organized by fuel, prime mover and cooling system classification, expanding available data records by an order of magnitude from previous analyses. While median calculated rates are generally comparable to values reported in the literature for most cooling technologies, results suggest that water usage rates at power plants with unique locations or operating conditions might not be accurately characterized by averages, especially in the case of once-through cooled facilities. Despite previous criticisms of EIA cooling water data, improvements in form instructions, reporting methods, and cooling system definitions have markedly improved the quality and usability of cooling water data records in recent years.